Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice.
Bacterial translocation from the gut and subsequent immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection and are thought to determine disease progression. Intestinal barrier integrity is impaired early in acute retroviral infection, but levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a marker of bacterial tr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2010-04-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2861703?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819265388249088000 |
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| author | Ursula Hofer Erika Schlaepfer Stefan Baenziger Marc Nischang Stephan Regenass Reto Schwendener Werner Kempf David Nadal Roberto F Speck |
| author_facet | Ursula Hofer Erika Schlaepfer Stefan Baenziger Marc Nischang Stephan Regenass Reto Schwendener Werner Kempf David Nadal Roberto F Speck |
| author_sort | Ursula Hofer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial translocation from the gut and subsequent immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection and are thought to determine disease progression. Intestinal barrier integrity is impaired early in acute retroviral infection, but levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a marker of bacterial translocation, increase only later. We examined humanized mice infected with HIV to determine if disruption of the intestinal barrier alone is responsible for elevated levels of LPS and if bacterial translocation increases immune activation. Treating uninfected mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced bacterial translocation, but did not result in elevated plasma LPS levels. DSS-induced translocation provoked LPS elevation only when phagocytic cells were depleted with clodronate liposomes (clodrolip). Macrophages of DSS-treated, HIV-negative mice phagocytosed more LPS ex vivo than those of control mice. In HIV-infected mice, however, LPS phagocytosis was insufficient to clear the translocated LPS. These conditions allowed higher levels of plasma LPS and CD8+ cell activation, which were associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios and higher viral loads. LPS levels reflect both intestinal barrier and LPS clearance. Macrophages are essential in controlling systemic bacterial translocation, and this function might be hindered in chronic HIV infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:44:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78387ed75f9e4d3abc608431ee451e94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:44:35Z |
| publishDate | 2010-04-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-78387ed75f9e4d3abc608431ee451e942022-12-21T17:31:49ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742010-04-0164e100086710.1371/journal.ppat.1000867Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice.Ursula HoferErika SchlaepferStefan BaenzigerMarc NischangStephan RegenassReto SchwendenerWerner KempfDavid NadalRoberto F SpeckBacterial translocation from the gut and subsequent immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection and are thought to determine disease progression. Intestinal barrier integrity is impaired early in acute retroviral infection, but levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a marker of bacterial translocation, increase only later. We examined humanized mice infected with HIV to determine if disruption of the intestinal barrier alone is responsible for elevated levels of LPS and if bacterial translocation increases immune activation. Treating uninfected mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced bacterial translocation, but did not result in elevated plasma LPS levels. DSS-induced translocation provoked LPS elevation only when phagocytic cells were depleted with clodronate liposomes (clodrolip). Macrophages of DSS-treated, HIV-negative mice phagocytosed more LPS ex vivo than those of control mice. In HIV-infected mice, however, LPS phagocytosis was insufficient to clear the translocated LPS. These conditions allowed higher levels of plasma LPS and CD8+ cell activation, which were associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios and higher viral loads. LPS levels reflect both intestinal barrier and LPS clearance. Macrophages are essential in controlling systemic bacterial translocation, and this function might be hindered in chronic HIV infection.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2861703?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Ursula Hofer Erika Schlaepfer Stefan Baenziger Marc Nischang Stephan Regenass Reto Schwendener Werner Kempf David Nadal Roberto F Speck Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice. |
| title_full | Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice. |
| title_fullStr | Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice. |
| title_short | Inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in HIV-infected humanized mice. |
| title_sort | inadequate clearance of translocated bacterial products in hiv infected humanized mice |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2861703?pdf=render |
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