Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming
Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, mitochondrial contents, and bacterial and viral products induces neutrophils to transition from a basal state into a primed one, which is currently defined as an enhanced response to activating stimuli. Although, typically associated with enhanced...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00217/full |
| _version_ | 1819073328180101120 |
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| author | Irina Miralda Silvia M. Uriarte Silvia M. Uriarte Kenneth R. McLeish Kenneth R. McLeish |
| author_facet | Irina Miralda Silvia M. Uriarte Silvia M. Uriarte Kenneth R. McLeish Kenneth R. McLeish |
| author_sort | Irina Miralda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, mitochondrial contents, and bacterial and viral products induces neutrophils to transition from a basal state into a primed one, which is currently defined as an enhanced response to activating stimuli. Although, typically associated with enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase, primed neutrophils show enhanced responsiveness of exocytosis, NET formation, and chemotaxis. Phenotypic changes associated with priming also include activation of a subset of functions, including adhesion, transcription, metabolism, and rate of apoptosis. This review summarizes the breadth of phenotypic changes associated with priming and reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind those changes. We conclude that the current definition of priming is too restrictive. Priming represents a combination of enhanced responsiveness and activated functions that regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:51:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-783dd9e203c244069847cfa9f3023c94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:51:52Z |
| publishDate | 2017-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-783dd9e203c244069847cfa9f3023c942022-12-21T18:55:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882017-05-01710.3389/fcimb.2017.00217261924Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil PrimingIrina Miralda0Silvia M. Uriarte1Silvia M. Uriarte2Kenneth R. McLeish3Kenneth R. McLeish4Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United StatesRobley Rex VA Medical CenterLouisville, KY, United StatesExposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, mitochondrial contents, and bacterial and viral products induces neutrophils to transition from a basal state into a primed one, which is currently defined as an enhanced response to activating stimuli. Although, typically associated with enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase, primed neutrophils show enhanced responsiveness of exocytosis, NET formation, and chemotaxis. Phenotypic changes associated with priming also include activation of a subset of functions, including adhesion, transcription, metabolism, and rate of apoptosis. This review summarizes the breadth of phenotypic changes associated with priming and reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind those changes. We conclude that the current definition of priming is too restrictive. Priming represents a combination of enhanced responsiveness and activated functions that regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00217/fullneutrophilsprimingcytokineschemotaxisapoptosisphagocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Irina Miralda Silvia M. Uriarte Silvia M. Uriarte Kenneth R. McLeish Kenneth R. McLeish Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology neutrophils priming cytokines chemotaxis apoptosis phagocytosis |
| title | Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming |
| title_full | Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming |
| title_fullStr | Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming |
| title_short | Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming |
| title_sort | multiple phenotypic changes define neutrophil priming |
| topic | neutrophils priming cytokines chemotaxis apoptosis phagocytosis |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00217/full |
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