Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy Cows
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of whole flaxseed and ground flaxseed supplementation on the composition of fatty acids in plasma and milk, particularly the content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Thirty Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1898 |
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| author | Guoxin Huang Jie Wang Kaizhen Liu Fengen Wang Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Xueyin Qu Jing Yu Yangdong Zhang Jiaqi Wang |
| author_facet | Guoxin Huang Jie Wang Kaizhen Liu Fengen Wang Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Xueyin Qu Jing Yu Yangdong Zhang Jiaqi Wang |
| author_sort | Guoxin Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to determine the effect of whole flaxseed and ground flaxseed supplementation on the composition of fatty acids in plasma and milk, particularly the content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Thirty Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Cows were fed a total mixed ration without flaxseed (CK), 1500 g of whole flaxseed (WF), and 1500 g of ground flaxseed (GF) supplementation. There were no differences observed in dry matter intake, milk yield, energy-corrected milk, and 4% fat-corrected milk (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Compared with the CK group, the contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosatrienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid increased in the plasma and milk WF and GF groups, and the content of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFA was higher in GF than the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The ALA yield increased to 232% and 360% in WF and GF, respectively, compared to the CK group. Compared with the WF group, GF supplementation resulted in an increased milk ALA/ALA intake ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Flaxseed supplementation increased the activity of GSH-Px and decreased the concentration of MDA in milk (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Plasma parameters did not differ among the treatments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). This result indicated that compared with the WF group, GF supplementation in the diet showed higher efficiency in increasing the total n-3 PUFA levels and the milk ALA/ALA intake ratio, and decreased the ratio of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs in milk. |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-78458d946c6f41eb9c89e72c67aaf4712023-11-30T22:07:12ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-07-011215189810.3390/ani12151898Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy CowsGuoxin Huang0Jie Wang1Kaizhen Liu2Fengen Wang3Nan Zheng4Shengguo Zhao5Xueyin Qu6Jing Yu7Yangdong Zhang8Jiaqi Wang9Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaChina Excellent Milk Academy (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Beichen District, Tianjin 300400, ChinaChina Excellent Milk Academy (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Beichen District, Tianjin 300400, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of whole flaxseed and ground flaxseed supplementation on the composition of fatty acids in plasma and milk, particularly the content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Thirty Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Cows were fed a total mixed ration without flaxseed (CK), 1500 g of whole flaxseed (WF), and 1500 g of ground flaxseed (GF) supplementation. There were no differences observed in dry matter intake, milk yield, energy-corrected milk, and 4% fat-corrected milk (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Compared with the CK group, the contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosatrienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid increased in the plasma and milk WF and GF groups, and the content of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFA was higher in GF than the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The ALA yield increased to 232% and 360% in WF and GF, respectively, compared to the CK group. Compared with the WF group, GF supplementation resulted in an increased milk ALA/ALA intake ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Flaxseed supplementation increased the activity of GSH-Px and decreased the concentration of MDA in milk (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Plasma parameters did not differ among the treatments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). This result indicated that compared with the WF group, GF supplementation in the diet showed higher efficiency in increasing the total n-3 PUFA levels and the milk ALA/ALA intake ratio, and decreased the ratio of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs in milk.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1898flaxseedα-linolenic acidmilk ALA/ALA intakeomega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| spellingShingle | Guoxin Huang Jie Wang Kaizhen Liu Fengen Wang Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Xueyin Qu Jing Yu Yangdong Zhang Jiaqi Wang Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy Cows Animals flaxseed α-linolenic acid milk ALA/ALA intake omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| title | Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_full | Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_short | Effect of Flaxseed Supplementation on Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Plasma Parameters of Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_sort | effect of flaxseed supplementation on milk and plasma fatty acid composition and plasma parameters of holstein dairy cows |
| topic | flaxseed α-linolenic acid milk ALA/ALA intake omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1898 |
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