Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature Review
Even though pseudodementia has been historically linked to depression, other psychiatric conditions may cause reversible cognitive alterations. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of pseudodementia occurring throughout the entire bipolar spectrum. A systematic review was conduc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6/1763 |
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| author | Camilla Elefante Giulio Emilio Brancati Donatella Acierno Gabriele Pistolesi Sara Ricciardulli Francesco Weiss Francesca Romeo Lorenzo Lattanzi Icro Maremmani Giulio Perugi |
| author_facet | Camilla Elefante Giulio Emilio Brancati Donatella Acierno Gabriele Pistolesi Sara Ricciardulli Francesco Weiss Francesca Romeo Lorenzo Lattanzi Icro Maremmani Giulio Perugi |
| author_sort | Camilla Elefante |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Even though pseudodementia has been historically linked to depression, other psychiatric conditions may cause reversible cognitive alterations. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of pseudodementia occurring throughout the entire bipolar spectrum. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to March 2023. Fifteen articles on patients with pseudodementia and bipolar disorder (BD), mania, hypomania, or mixed depression have been included. Moreover, seven female patients with mood disorders diagnosed with pseudodementia have been described. According to our research, pseudodementia in patients with BD mostly occurs during a depressive episode. However, pseudodementia has also been observed in the context of manic and mixed states. Psychomotor and psychotic symptoms were commonly associated. The most typical cognitive impairments were disorientation, inattention, and short-term memory deficits. Alterations in neuroimaging were frequently observed. Electroconvulsive therapy and lithium, either alone or in combination with antipsychotics, resulted in the most widely used therapies. Cognitive decline may occur in a substantial proportion of patients. Since pseudodementia can manifest along the entire mood spectrum, it should be taken into consideration as a possible diagnosis in BD patients showing cognitive deficits during manic, mixed, and depressive states. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:08:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-784cd72ecba847fb807683a88f01f8ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:08:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-784cd72ecba847fb807683a88f01f8ab2024-03-27T13:48:15ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832024-03-01136176310.3390/jcm13061763Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature ReviewCamilla Elefante0Giulio Emilio Brancati1Donatella Acierno2Gabriele Pistolesi3Sara Ricciardulli4Francesco Weiss5Francesca Romeo6Lorenzo Lattanzi7Icro Maremmani8Giulio Perugi9Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatric Unit, NHS Cuneo Unit 1, 12100 Cuneo, ItalyPsychiatric Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyPsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyEven though pseudodementia has been historically linked to depression, other psychiatric conditions may cause reversible cognitive alterations. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of pseudodementia occurring throughout the entire bipolar spectrum. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to March 2023. Fifteen articles on patients with pseudodementia and bipolar disorder (BD), mania, hypomania, or mixed depression have been included. Moreover, seven female patients with mood disorders diagnosed with pseudodementia have been described. According to our research, pseudodementia in patients with BD mostly occurs during a depressive episode. However, pseudodementia has also been observed in the context of manic and mixed states. Psychomotor and psychotic symptoms were commonly associated. The most typical cognitive impairments were disorientation, inattention, and short-term memory deficits. Alterations in neuroimaging were frequently observed. Electroconvulsive therapy and lithium, either alone or in combination with antipsychotics, resulted in the most widely used therapies. Cognitive decline may occur in a substantial proportion of patients. Since pseudodementia can manifest along the entire mood spectrum, it should be taken into consideration as a possible diagnosis in BD patients showing cognitive deficits during manic, mixed, and depressive states.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6/1763pseudodementiadepressive pseudodementiamanic pseudodementiabipolar disorderbipolar spectrummood spectrum |
| spellingShingle | Camilla Elefante Giulio Emilio Brancati Donatella Acierno Gabriele Pistolesi Sara Ricciardulli Francesco Weiss Francesca Romeo Lorenzo Lattanzi Icro Maremmani Giulio Perugi Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature Review Journal of Clinical Medicine pseudodementia depressive pseudodementia manic pseudodementia bipolar disorder bipolar spectrum mood spectrum |
| title | Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature Review |
| title_full | Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature Review |
| title_short | Pseudodementia in Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders: A Case Series and Literature Review |
| title_sort | pseudodementia in patients with unipolar and bipolar disorders a case series and literature review |
| topic | pseudodementia depressive pseudodementia manic pseudodementia bipolar disorder bipolar spectrum mood spectrum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6/1763 |
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