Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)
The infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is one of the most important emerging viral pathogens for Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) farming. While prevalent worldwide, it has recently been detected in Brazil. However, despite the importance of the virus and the...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/3/452 |
| _version_ | 1827354919073480704 |
|---|---|
| author | Tarcísio Martins França e Silva Guilherme Alves de Queiróz Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal |
| author_facet | Tarcísio Martins França e Silva Guilherme Alves de Queiróz Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal |
| author_sort | Tarcísio Martins França e Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is one of the most important emerging viral pathogens for Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) farming. While prevalent worldwide, it has recently been detected in Brazil. However, despite the importance of the virus and the affected fish species, there are no scientific data on the effects of water temperature on disease pathogenesis in Nile tilapia. In the present study, we conducted two trials using juvenile Nile tilapia over a 15-day period. In trial 1, an experimental infection model was developed based on the intraperitoneal inoculation of active viral homogenates (4.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> virus fish<sup>−1</sup>), while control fish were similarly inoculated with inactivated viral homogenates. In trial 2, the fish were maintained at different water temperatures (26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 °C) and then infected with ISKNV. For virus detection, kidney and spleen samples were collected and analyzed by qPCR. Our results show that the disease was successfully reproduced in experimental conditions with active homogenates, with the first signs of the disease appearing on the third day after infection. In addition, a significant reduction in mortality was observed in the groups maintained at higher temperatures (>30 °C). This suggests that a treatment of the disease with non-lethal hyperthermia can be used to control the symptoms and mortality of ISKNV-infected Nile tilapia juveniles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:01:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78503914095b4e25b7ee55df21dd1afd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:01:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-78503914095b4e25b7ee55df21dd1afd2024-02-09T15:06:44ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-01-0114345210.3390/ani14030452Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)Tarcísio Martins França e Silva0Guilherme Alves de Queiróz1Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal2Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilThe infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is one of the most important emerging viral pathogens for Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) farming. While prevalent worldwide, it has recently been detected in Brazil. However, despite the importance of the virus and the affected fish species, there are no scientific data on the effects of water temperature on disease pathogenesis in Nile tilapia. In the present study, we conducted two trials using juvenile Nile tilapia over a 15-day period. In trial 1, an experimental infection model was developed based on the intraperitoneal inoculation of active viral homogenates (4.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> virus fish<sup>−1</sup>), while control fish were similarly inoculated with inactivated viral homogenates. In trial 2, the fish were maintained at different water temperatures (26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 °C) and then infected with ISKNV. For virus detection, kidney and spleen samples were collected and analyzed by qPCR. Our results show that the disease was successfully reproduced in experimental conditions with active homogenates, with the first signs of the disease appearing on the third day after infection. In addition, a significant reduction in mortality was observed in the groups maintained at higher temperatures (>30 °C). This suggests that a treatment of the disease with non-lethal hyperthermia can be used to control the symptoms and mortality of ISKNV-infected Nile tilapia juveniles.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/3/452controlfish farmingheat treatmentiridovirusISKNVqPCR |
| spellingShingle | Tarcísio Martins França e Silva Guilherme Alves de Queiróz Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Animals control fish farming heat treatment iridovirus ISKNV qPCR |
| title | Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_full | Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_short | Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_sort | experimental infection and the effects of temperature on the pathogenicity of the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in juvenile nile tilapia i oreochromis niloticus i |
| topic | control fish farming heat treatment iridovirus ISKNV qPCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/3/452 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tarcisiomartinsfrancaesilva experimentalinfectionandtheeffectsoftemperatureonthepathogenicityoftheinfectiousspleenandkidneynecrosisvirusinjuvenileniletilapiaioreochromisniloticusi AT guilhermealvesdequeiroz experimentalinfectionandtheeffectsoftemperatureonthepathogenicityoftheinfectiousspleenandkidneynecrosisvirusinjuvenileniletilapiaioreochromisniloticusi AT carlosaugustogomesleal experimentalinfectionandtheeffectsoftemperatureonthepathogenicityoftheinfectiousspleenandkidneynecrosisvirusinjuvenileniletilapiaioreochromisniloticusi |