CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available
Over 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans; globally, oceans provides a huge source of wealth to humans. In the literature, several sensors have been developed to investigate oceans. Electrical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) sensors were used frequently and extensively. Long-term acc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/586 |
| _version_ | 1797437370135478272 |
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| author | Shiyu Xiao Mingliang Zhang Changhua Liu Chongwen Jiang Xiaodong Wang Fuhua Yang |
| author_facet | Shiyu Xiao Mingliang Zhang Changhua Liu Chongwen Jiang Xiaodong Wang Fuhua Yang |
| author_sort | Shiyu Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans; globally, oceans provides a huge source of wealth to humans. In the literature, several sensors have been developed to investigate oceans. Electrical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) sensors were used frequently and extensively. Long-term accurate CTD data is important for the study and utilization of oceans, e.g., for weather forecasting, ecological evolution, fishery, and shipping. Several kinds of CTD sensors based on electrics, optical, acoustic wave and radio waves have been developed. CTD sensors are often utilized by measuring electrical signals. The latest progress of CTD sensors will be presented in order of performance. The principles, structure, materials and properties of many CTD sensors were discussed in detail. The commercially available CTD sensors were involved and their respective performances were compared. Some possible development directions of CTD sensors for ocean investigation are proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:19:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7854e68a276547dabdb5b4a827807958 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:19:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7854e68a276547dabdb5b4a8278079582023-12-01T00:24:10ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-01-0123258610.3390/s23020586CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially AvailableShiyu Xiao0Mingliang Zhang1Changhua Liu2Chongwen Jiang3Xiaodong Wang4Fuhua Yang5Engineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266031, ChinaNational Laboratory for Computational Fluid Dynamics, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaEngineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Research Center for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaOver 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans; globally, oceans provides a huge source of wealth to humans. In the literature, several sensors have been developed to investigate oceans. Electrical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) sensors were used frequently and extensively. Long-term accurate CTD data is important for the study and utilization of oceans, e.g., for weather forecasting, ecological evolution, fishery, and shipping. Several kinds of CTD sensors based on electrics, optical, acoustic wave and radio waves have been developed. CTD sensors are often utilized by measuring electrical signals. The latest progress of CTD sensors will be presented in order of performance. The principles, structure, materials and properties of many CTD sensors were discussed in detail. The commercially available CTD sensors were involved and their respective performances were compared. Some possible development directions of CTD sensors for ocean investigation are proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/586CTDelectrical conductivitytemperaturedepthpressure sensorocean sensor |
| spellingShingle | Shiyu Xiao Mingliang Zhang Changhua Liu Chongwen Jiang Xiaodong Wang Fuhua Yang CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available Sensors CTD electrical conductivity temperature depth pressure sensor ocean sensor |
| title | CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available |
| title_full | CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available |
| title_fullStr | CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available |
| title_full_unstemmed | CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available |
| title_short | CTD Sensors for Ocean Investigation Including State of Art and Commercially Available |
| title_sort | ctd sensors for ocean investigation including state of art and commercially available |
| topic | CTD electrical conductivity temperature depth pressure sensor ocean sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/586 |
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