The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit
To investigate how different species or ploidy level of pollen donors affects the fruit quality of kiwifruit, flowers of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (a hexaploid <i>Actinidia deliciosa</i> cultivar, 6x) were hand-pollinated with pollen from ten different male donors. Kiwifruit plants pollinated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8876 |
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| author | Yanan Chai Weijin Hong Hang Liu Xia Shi Yanfei Liu Zhande Liu |
| author_facet | Yanan Chai Weijin Hong Hang Liu Xia Shi Yanfei Liu Zhande Liu |
| author_sort | Yanan Chai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To investigate how different species or ploidy level of pollen donors affects the fruit quality of kiwifruit, flowers of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (a hexaploid <i>Actinidia deliciosa</i> cultivar, 6x) were hand-pollinated with pollen from ten different male donors. Kiwifruit plants pollinated with four distant species—M7 (2x, <i>A. kolomikta</i>), M8 (4x, <i>A. arguta</i>), M9 (4x, <i>A. melanandra</i>), and M10 (2x, <i>A. eriantha</i>)—had a low fruit-setting rate and therefore were not investigated further. Of the other six treatments, kiwifruit plants pollinated with M4 (4x, <i>A. chinensis</i>), M5 (6x, <i>A. deliciosa</i>) M6 (6x, <i>A. deliciosa</i>) had a larger fruit size and weight than those pollinated with M1 (2x, <i>A. chinensis</i>) and M2 (2x, <i>A. chinensis</i>). However, pollination with M1 (2x) and M2 (2x) resulted in seedless fruits, having few small and aborted seeds. Notably, these seedless fruits had higher fructose, glucose, and total sugar and lower citric acid content. This resulted in a higher sugar to acid ratio compared to fruits from plants pollinated with M3 (4x, <i>A. chinensis</i>), M4 (4x), M5 (6x), and M6 (6x). Most volatile compounds increased in the M1 (2x)- and M2 (2x)-pollinated fruit. A combination of principal component analysis (PCA), electronic tongue, and electronic nose suggested that the different pollen donors significantly affected the kiwifruit’s overall taste and volatiles. Specifically, two diploid donors had the most positive contribution. This was in agreement with the findings from the sensory evaluation. In conclusion, the present study showed that the pollen donor affected the seed development, taste, and flavor quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. This provides useful information for improving the fruit quality and breeding of seedless kiwifruit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:39:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-785b57b355e04672a2b98f3e67f1c954 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:39:34Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-785b57b355e04672a2b98f3e67f1c9542023-11-18T01:43:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-012410887610.3390/ijms24108876The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ KiwifruitYanan Chai0Weijin Hong1Hang Liu2Xia Shi3Yanfei Liu4Zhande Liu5College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaTo investigate how different species or ploidy level of pollen donors affects the fruit quality of kiwifruit, flowers of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (a hexaploid <i>Actinidia deliciosa</i> cultivar, 6x) were hand-pollinated with pollen from ten different male donors. Kiwifruit plants pollinated with four distant species—M7 (2x, <i>A. kolomikta</i>), M8 (4x, <i>A. arguta</i>), M9 (4x, <i>A. melanandra</i>), and M10 (2x, <i>A. eriantha</i>)—had a low fruit-setting rate and therefore were not investigated further. Of the other six treatments, kiwifruit plants pollinated with M4 (4x, <i>A. chinensis</i>), M5 (6x, <i>A. deliciosa</i>) M6 (6x, <i>A. deliciosa</i>) had a larger fruit size and weight than those pollinated with M1 (2x, <i>A. chinensis</i>) and M2 (2x, <i>A. chinensis</i>). However, pollination with M1 (2x) and M2 (2x) resulted in seedless fruits, having few small and aborted seeds. Notably, these seedless fruits had higher fructose, glucose, and total sugar and lower citric acid content. This resulted in a higher sugar to acid ratio compared to fruits from plants pollinated with M3 (4x, <i>A. chinensis</i>), M4 (4x), M5 (6x), and M6 (6x). Most volatile compounds increased in the M1 (2x)- and M2 (2x)-pollinated fruit. A combination of principal component analysis (PCA), electronic tongue, and electronic nose suggested that the different pollen donors significantly affected the kiwifruit’s overall taste and volatiles. Specifically, two diploid donors had the most positive contribution. This was in agreement with the findings from the sensory evaluation. In conclusion, the present study showed that the pollen donor affected the seed development, taste, and flavor quality of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. This provides useful information for improving the fruit quality and breeding of seedless kiwifruit.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8876kiwifruitpollen donorseedlessfruit quality |
| spellingShingle | Yanan Chai Weijin Hong Hang Liu Xia Shi Yanfei Liu Zhande Liu The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit International Journal of Molecular Sciences kiwifruit pollen donor seedless fruit quality |
| title | The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit |
| title_full | The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit |
| title_fullStr | The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit |
| title_short | The Pollen Donor Affects Seed Development, Taste, and Flavor Quality in ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit |
| title_sort | pollen donor affects seed development taste and flavor quality in hayward kiwifruit |
| topic | kiwifruit pollen donor seedless fruit quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8876 |
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