Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studies
Multicomponent-porous scaffolds have recently gained much attention in bone tissue engineering applications due to their ability to mimic the composite structure of natural bone tissue. In the present study, it was aimed to fabricate biologically safe and mechanically improved three-component scaffo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785419309111 |
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| author | Pelin Yılmaz Elif öztürk Er Sezgin Bakırdere Kutlu ülgen Belma özbek |
| author_facet | Pelin Yılmaz Elif öztürk Er Sezgin Bakırdere Kutlu ülgen Belma özbek |
| author_sort | Pelin Yılmaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multicomponent-porous scaffolds have recently gained much attention in bone tissue engineering applications due to their ability to mimic the composite structure of natural bone tissue. In the present study, it was aimed to fabricate biologically safe and mechanically improved three-component scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. This is the first original report on the application of supercritical gel drying for the fabrication of three-component scaffolds composed of graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by Improved Hummers Method, chitosan (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from eggshells. The phase, morphology, mechanical property and in-vitro biocompatibility of scaffolds were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, TGA, Universal Instron Mechanical Test System, and MTT testing. For the preparation of scaffolds, GO, CS and HAp solutions were blended at various ratios. Resulting mixtures were molded, frozen, exposed to water-acetone substitution procedure, and dried by supercritical gel drying, respectively. Then, dried scaffolds were subjected to MTT testing for cytotoxicity analysis to examine toxicity effect of GO. Results revealed dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect of GO on MC3T3-E1 cell line. The highest relative cell viability was observed with three-component scaffold composed of GO:1 wt%, CS:39 wt% and HAp:60 wt%. According to characterization studies, this original report demonstrated that scaffold produced with the mentioned procedure had a three-dimensional porous sponge-like structure, highest relative cell viability, and increased mechanical compressive strength compared to other scaffolds fabricated. These properties enable scaffold with combined improvement in biological and mechanical properties to be a promising candidate for application in bone tissue materials. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Graphene oxide, Chitosan, Three-component scaffold, Supercritical gel drying, Characterization studies |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:26:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-785d9b8ac2264d7e990da7c9c2e128e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:26:17Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-785d9b8ac2264d7e990da7c9c2e128e92022-12-21T23:48:11ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542019-11-018652015216Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studiesPelin Yılmaz0Elif öztürk Er1Sezgin Bakırdere2Kutlu ülgen3Belma özbek4Yildiz Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler/İstanbul, 34220, TurkeyYildiz Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler/İstanbul, 34220, TurkeyYildiz Technical University, Chemistry Department, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler/İstanbul, 34220, TurkeyBoĿaziçi University, Chemical Engineering Department, Bebek/İstanbul, 34342, TurkeyYildiz Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler/İstanbul, 34220, Turkey; Corresponding author.Multicomponent-porous scaffolds have recently gained much attention in bone tissue engineering applications due to their ability to mimic the composite structure of natural bone tissue. In the present study, it was aimed to fabricate biologically safe and mechanically improved three-component scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. This is the first original report on the application of supercritical gel drying for the fabrication of three-component scaffolds composed of graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by Improved Hummers Method, chitosan (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from eggshells. The phase, morphology, mechanical property and in-vitro biocompatibility of scaffolds were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, TGA, Universal Instron Mechanical Test System, and MTT testing. For the preparation of scaffolds, GO, CS and HAp solutions were blended at various ratios. Resulting mixtures were molded, frozen, exposed to water-acetone substitution procedure, and dried by supercritical gel drying, respectively. Then, dried scaffolds were subjected to MTT testing for cytotoxicity analysis to examine toxicity effect of GO. Results revealed dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect of GO on MC3T3-E1 cell line. The highest relative cell viability was observed with three-component scaffold composed of GO:1 wt%, CS:39 wt% and HAp:60 wt%. According to characterization studies, this original report demonstrated that scaffold produced with the mentioned procedure had a three-dimensional porous sponge-like structure, highest relative cell viability, and increased mechanical compressive strength compared to other scaffolds fabricated. These properties enable scaffold with combined improvement in biological and mechanical properties to be a promising candidate for application in bone tissue materials. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Graphene oxide, Chitosan, Three-component scaffold, Supercritical gel drying, Characterization studieshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785419309111 |
| spellingShingle | Pelin Yılmaz Elif öztürk Er Sezgin Bakırdere Kutlu ülgen Belma özbek Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studies Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| title | Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studies |
| title_full | Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studies |
| title_fullStr | Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studies |
| title_short | Application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three-component scaffold composed of graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite and characterization studies |
| title_sort | application of supercritical gel drying method on fabrication of mechanically improved and biologically safe three component scaffold composed of graphene oxide chitosan hydroxyapatite and characterization studies |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785419309111 |
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