Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a severe manifestation of carious pathology with rapid and disruptive progression. The ECC microbiota includes a wide variety of bacterial species, among which is an anaerobic newly named species, <i>Scardovia wiggsiae,</i> a previously unidentified <i&...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/807 |
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| author | Maurizio Bossù Laura Selan Marco Artini Michela Relucenti Giuseppe Familiari Rosanna Papa Gianluca Vrenna Patrizia Spigaglia Fabrizio Barbanti Alessandro Salucci Gianni Di Giorgio Julietta V. Rau Antonella Polimeni |
| author_facet | Maurizio Bossù Laura Selan Marco Artini Michela Relucenti Giuseppe Familiari Rosanna Papa Gianluca Vrenna Patrizia Spigaglia Fabrizio Barbanti Alessandro Salucci Gianni Di Giorgio Julietta V. Rau Antonella Polimeni |
| author_sort | Maurizio Bossù |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early childhood caries (ECC) is a severe manifestation of carious pathology with rapid and disruptive progression. The ECC microbiota includes a wide variety of bacterial species, among which is an anaerobic newly named species, <i>Scardovia wiggsiae,</i> a previously unidentified <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. Our aim was to provide the first ultrastructural characterization of <i>S. wiggsiae</i> and its biofilm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a protocol that faithfully preserved the biofilm architecture and allowed an investigation at very high magnifications (order of nanometers) and with the appropriate resolution. To accomplish this task, we analyzed <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>’ biofilm by conventional SEM and VP-SEM protocols, in addition, we developed an original procedure, named OsO<sub>4</sub>-RR-TA-IL, which avoids dehydration, drying and sputter coating. This innovative protocol allowed high-resolution and high-magnification imaging (from 10000× to 35000×) in high-vacuum and high-voltage conditions. After comparing three methods, we chose OsO<sub>4</sub>-RR-TA-IL to investigate <i>S. wiggsiae</i>. It appeared as a fusiform elongated bacterium, without surface specialization, arranged in clusters and submerged in a rich biofilm matrix, which showed a well-developed micro-canalicular system. Our results provide the basis for the development of innovative strategies to quantify the effects of different treatments, in order to establish the best option to counteract ECC in pediatric patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-786a9cd032ce445bad6c2d733929921c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:33:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-786a9cd032ce445bad6c2d733929921c2023-11-20T01:55:56ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-05-018680710.3390/microorganisms8060807Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy ProtocolMaurizio Bossù0Laura Selan1Marco Artini2Michela Relucenti3Giuseppe Familiari4Rosanna Papa5Gianluca Vrenna6Patrizia Spigaglia7Fabrizio Barbanti8Alessandro Salucci9Gianni Di Giorgio10Julietta V. Rau11Antonella Polimeni12Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161 Rome, ItalyIstituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161 Rome, ItalyEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a severe manifestation of carious pathology with rapid and disruptive progression. The ECC microbiota includes a wide variety of bacterial species, among which is an anaerobic newly named species, <i>Scardovia wiggsiae,</i> a previously unidentified <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. Our aim was to provide the first ultrastructural characterization of <i>S. wiggsiae</i> and its biofilm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a protocol that faithfully preserved the biofilm architecture and allowed an investigation at very high magnifications (order of nanometers) and with the appropriate resolution. To accomplish this task, we analyzed <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>’ biofilm by conventional SEM and VP-SEM protocols, in addition, we developed an original procedure, named OsO<sub>4</sub>-RR-TA-IL, which avoids dehydration, drying and sputter coating. This innovative protocol allowed high-resolution and high-magnification imaging (from 10000× to 35000×) in high-vacuum and high-voltage conditions. After comparing three methods, we chose OsO<sub>4</sub>-RR-TA-IL to investigate <i>S. wiggsiae</i>. It appeared as a fusiform elongated bacterium, without surface specialization, arranged in clusters and submerged in a rich biofilm matrix, which showed a well-developed micro-canalicular system. Our results provide the basis for the development of innovative strategies to quantify the effects of different treatments, in order to establish the best option to counteract ECC in pediatric patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/807<i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i><i>Streptococcus mutans</i> scanning electron microscopybiofilmmicrobiotaearly childhood cariespediatric dentistry |
| spellingShingle | Maurizio Bossù Laura Selan Marco Artini Michela Relucenti Giuseppe Familiari Rosanna Papa Gianluca Vrenna Patrizia Spigaglia Fabrizio Barbanti Alessandro Salucci Gianni Di Giorgio Julietta V. Rau Antonella Polimeni Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol Microorganisms <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> scanning electron microscopy biofilm microbiota early childhood caries pediatric dentistry |
| title | Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol |
| title_full | Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol |
| title_short | Characterization of <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol |
| title_sort | characterization of i scardovia wiggsiae i biofilm by original scanning electron microscopy protocol |
| topic | <i>Scardovia wiggsiae</i> <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> scanning electron microscopy biofilm microbiota early childhood caries pediatric dentistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/807 |
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