The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal Vaccination
The World Health Organization estimates that the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus claimed more than 3 million lives in 2020 alone. This situation has highlighted the importance of vaccination programs and the urgency of working on new technologies that allow an efficient, safe, and effective...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1420 |
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| author | Rayen Yanara Valdivia-Olivares Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez María Javiera Álvarez-Figueroa Alexis M. Kalergis José Vicente González-Aramundiz |
| author_facet | Rayen Yanara Valdivia-Olivares Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez María Javiera Álvarez-Figueroa Alexis M. Kalergis José Vicente González-Aramundiz |
| author_sort | Rayen Yanara Valdivia-Olivares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The World Health Organization estimates that the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus claimed more than 3 million lives in 2020 alone. This situation has highlighted the importance of vaccination programs and the urgency of working on new technologies that allow an efficient, safe, and effective immunization. From this perspective, nanomedicine has provided novel tools for the design of the new generation of vaccines. Among the challenges of the new vaccine generations is the search for alternative routes of antigen delivery due to costs, risks, need for trained personnel, and low acceptance in the population associated with the parenteral route. Along these lines, transdermal immunization has been raised as a promising alternative for antigen delivery and vaccination based on a large absorption surface and an abundance of immune system cells. These features contribute to a high barrier capacity and high immunological efficiency for transdermal immunization. However, the stratum corneum barrier constitutes a significant challenge for generating new pharmaceutical forms for transdermal antigen delivery. This review addresses the biological bases for transdermal immunomodulation and the technological advances in the field of nanomedicine, from the passage of antigens facilitated by devices to cross the stratum corneum, to the design of nanosystems, with an emphasis on the importance of design and composition towards the new generation of needle-free nanometric transdermal systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:56:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-787c0a8beb4745859faeb410c999f4d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:56:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-787c0a8beb4745859faeb410c999f4d42023-11-23T10:54:06ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-12-01912142010.3390/vaccines9121420The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal VaccinationRayen Yanara Valdivia-Olivares0Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez1María Javiera Álvarez-Figueroa2Alexis M. Kalergis3José Vicente González-Aramundiz4Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileInstitute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileDepartamento de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins No. 340, Santiago 7810000, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileThe World Health Organization estimates that the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus claimed more than 3 million lives in 2020 alone. This situation has highlighted the importance of vaccination programs and the urgency of working on new technologies that allow an efficient, safe, and effective immunization. From this perspective, nanomedicine has provided novel tools for the design of the new generation of vaccines. Among the challenges of the new vaccine generations is the search for alternative routes of antigen delivery due to costs, risks, need for trained personnel, and low acceptance in the population associated with the parenteral route. Along these lines, transdermal immunization has been raised as a promising alternative for antigen delivery and vaccination based on a large absorption surface and an abundance of immune system cells. These features contribute to a high barrier capacity and high immunological efficiency for transdermal immunization. However, the stratum corneum barrier constitutes a significant challenge for generating new pharmaceutical forms for transdermal antigen delivery. This review addresses the biological bases for transdermal immunomodulation and the technological advances in the field of nanomedicine, from the passage of antigens facilitated by devices to cross the stratum corneum, to the design of nanosystems, with an emphasis on the importance of design and composition towards the new generation of needle-free nanometric transdermal systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1420transdermal vaccinesneedle-free immunizationnanomedicinenanoparticle designnano vaccines |
| spellingShingle | Rayen Yanara Valdivia-Olivares Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez María Javiera Álvarez-Figueroa Alexis M. Kalergis José Vicente González-Aramundiz The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal Vaccination Vaccines transdermal vaccines needle-free immunization nanomedicine nanoparticle design nano vaccines |
| title | The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal Vaccination |
| title_full | The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal Vaccination |
| title_fullStr | The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal Vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal Vaccination |
| title_short | The Importance of Nanocarrier Design and Composition for an Efficient Nanoparticle-Mediated Transdermal Vaccination |
| title_sort | importance of nanocarrier design and composition for an efficient nanoparticle mediated transdermal vaccination |
| topic | transdermal vaccines needle-free immunization nanomedicine nanoparticle design nano vaccines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1420 |
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