Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) exist in all kingdoms of life. They are metalloenzymes, often containing zinc, that catalyze the interconversion of bicarbonate and carbon dioxide—a ubiquitous reaction involved in a variety of cellular processes. So far, eight classes of apparently evolutionary unrelated C...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2922 |
| _version_ | 1797570033944100864 |
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| author | Erik L. Jensen Stephen C. Maberly Brigitte Gontero |
| author_facet | Erik L. Jensen Stephen C. Maberly Brigitte Gontero |
| author_sort | Erik L. Jensen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) exist in all kingdoms of life. They are metalloenzymes, often containing zinc, that catalyze the interconversion of bicarbonate and carbon dioxide—a ubiquitous reaction involved in a variety of cellular processes. So far, eight classes of apparently evolutionary unrelated CAs that are present in a large diversity of living organisms have been described. In this review, we focus on the diversity of CAs and their roles in photosynthetic microalgae. We describe their essential role in carbon dioxide-concentrating mechanisms and photosynthesis, their regulation, as well as their less studied roles in non-photosynthetic processes. We also discuss the presence in some microalgae, especially diatoms, of cambialistic CAs (i.e., CAs that can replace Zn by Co, Cd, or Fe) and, more recently, a CA that uses Mn as a metal cofactor, with potential ecological relevance in aquatic environments where trace metal concentrations are low. There has been a recent explosion of knowledge about this well-known enzyme with exciting future opportunities to answer outstanding questions using a range of different approaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:19:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-787f23b397ba4fb2951934f5b1562dbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:19:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-787f23b397ba4fb2951934f5b1562dbb2023-11-19T22:19:54ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01218292210.3390/ijms21082922Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in MicroalgaeErik L. Jensen0Stephen C. Maberly1Brigitte Gontero2Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CEDEX 20, 13 402 Marseille, FranceUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lake Ecosystems Group, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UKAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CEDEX 20, 13 402 Marseille, FranceCarbonic anhydrases (CAs) exist in all kingdoms of life. They are metalloenzymes, often containing zinc, that catalyze the interconversion of bicarbonate and carbon dioxide—a ubiquitous reaction involved in a variety of cellular processes. So far, eight classes of apparently evolutionary unrelated CAs that are present in a large diversity of living organisms have been described. In this review, we focus on the diversity of CAs and their roles in photosynthetic microalgae. We describe their essential role in carbon dioxide-concentrating mechanisms and photosynthesis, their regulation, as well as their less studied roles in non-photosynthetic processes. We also discuss the presence in some microalgae, especially diatoms, of cambialistic CAs (i.e., CAs that can replace Zn by Co, Cd, or Fe) and, more recently, a CA that uses Mn as a metal cofactor, with potential ecological relevance in aquatic environments where trace metal concentrations are low. There has been a recent explosion of knowledge about this well-known enzyme with exciting future opportunities to answer outstanding questions using a range of different approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2922carbonic anhydrasemicroalgaecarbon dioxideCO<sub>2</sub>-concentrating mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Erik L. Jensen Stephen C. Maberly Brigitte Gontero Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae International Journal of Molecular Sciences carbonic anhydrase microalgae carbon dioxide CO<sub>2</sub>-concentrating mechanisms |
| title | Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae |
| title_full | Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae |
| title_fullStr | Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae |
| title_short | Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae |
| title_sort | insights on the functions and ecophysiological relevance of the diverse carbonic anhydrases in microalgae |
| topic | carbonic anhydrase microalgae carbon dioxide CO<sub>2</sub>-concentrating mechanisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2922 |
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