The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY Study
Air pollution (PM2.5) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally and with early atherosclerosis surrogate markers in modernized China. A sizeable number of Chinese have migrated overseas, with an increase in their vulnerability to CVD. To evaluate the impact of PM2.5 air pollutio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1236 |
| _version_ | 1797439549473816576 |
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| author | Kam-Sang Woo Shu-Wing Chan Timothy C. Y. Kwok Yue-Hui Yin Ping Chook Chang-Qing Lin David S. Celermajer |
| author_facet | Kam-Sang Woo Shu-Wing Chan Timothy C. Y. Kwok Yue-Hui Yin Ping Chook Chang-Qing Lin David S. Celermajer |
| author_sort | Kam-Sang Woo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Air pollution (PM2.5) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally and with early atherosclerosis surrogate markers in modernized China. A sizeable number of Chinese have migrated overseas, with an increase in their vulnerability to CVD. To evaluate the impact of PM2.5 air pollution on atherogenesis in native vs. overseas Chinese, we recruited 756 asymptomatic native Chinese and 507 age- and gender-matched overseas Chinese from Sydney and San Francisco. Their cardiovascular profiles were evaluated. PM2.5 was derived from remote sensing technology; atherosclerosis surrogate markers, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by ultrasound. The native Chinese had a higher proportion of smokers as well as higher blood pressure, glucose, metabolic syndrome and PM2.5 exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but lower lipids and folate than the overseas Chinese (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Carotid IMT was lower in the native Chinese (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), but the other vascular parameters were similar. A multivariate regression revealed that FMD in the native Chinese was related to the male gender, age and location; in the overseas Chinese, it was related to age, but not to PM2.5. Carotid IMT in the native Chinese was related to PM2.5, independent of atherosclerotic risk factors and location (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.384, F = 34.5, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) whereas in the overseas Chinese, IMT was related to the male gender and age, but not to PM2.5 or overseas location (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.282, F = 19.7, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). PM2.5 had a greater impact on atherogenesis in the native Chinese, independent of traditional risk factors, with implications for preventive strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:55:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-787f481a52b740189651d797476fd724 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:55:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-787f481a52b740189651d797476fd7242023-11-30T23:10:19ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-08-01138123610.3390/atmos13081236The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY StudyKam-Sang Woo0Shu-Wing Chan1Timothy C. Y. Kwok2Yue-Hui Yin3Ping Chook4Chang-Qing Lin5David S. Celermajer6Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong KongThe Chinese Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94133, USADepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong KongSecond Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaInstitute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong KongDivision of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong KongFaculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, AustraliaAir pollution (PM2.5) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally and with early atherosclerosis surrogate markers in modernized China. A sizeable number of Chinese have migrated overseas, with an increase in their vulnerability to CVD. To evaluate the impact of PM2.5 air pollution on atherogenesis in native vs. overseas Chinese, we recruited 756 asymptomatic native Chinese and 507 age- and gender-matched overseas Chinese from Sydney and San Francisco. Their cardiovascular profiles were evaluated. PM2.5 was derived from remote sensing technology; atherosclerosis surrogate markers, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by ultrasound. The native Chinese had a higher proportion of smokers as well as higher blood pressure, glucose, metabolic syndrome and PM2.5 exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but lower lipids and folate than the overseas Chinese (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Carotid IMT was lower in the native Chinese (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), but the other vascular parameters were similar. A multivariate regression revealed that FMD in the native Chinese was related to the male gender, age and location; in the overseas Chinese, it was related to age, but not to PM2.5. Carotid IMT in the native Chinese was related to PM2.5, independent of atherosclerotic risk factors and location (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.384, F = 34.5, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) whereas in the overseas Chinese, IMT was related to the male gender and age, but not to PM2.5 or overseas location (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.282, F = 19.7, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). PM2.5 had a greater impact on atherogenesis in the native Chinese, independent of traditional risk factors, with implications for preventive strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1236PM2.5 air pollutionatherogenesisnative Chineseoverseas Chinese |
| spellingShingle | Kam-Sang Woo Shu-Wing Chan Timothy C. Y. Kwok Yue-Hui Yin Ping Chook Chang-Qing Lin David S. Celermajer The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY Study Atmosphere PM2.5 air pollution atherogenesis native Chinese overseas Chinese |
| title | The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY Study |
| title_full | The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY Study |
| title_fullStr | The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY Study |
| title_short | The Different Impact of PM2.5 on Atherogenesis in Overseas vs. Native Chinese in the CATHAY Study |
| title_sort | different impact of pm2 5 on atherogenesis in overseas vs native chinese in the cathay study |
| topic | PM2.5 air pollution atherogenesis native Chinese overseas Chinese |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/8/1236 |
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