Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from Tunisia
Silage represents a major part of the feed ration for livestock, being a potential cause of mycotoxicosis as it can be contaminated with toxigenic fungi capable of producing mycotoxins in suitable environmental conditions.In the present work, the presence of natural mycotoxins in samples collected o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2020-08-01
|
| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535220302355 |
| _version_ | 1828850359117807616 |
|---|---|
| author | C. Juan A. Mannai H. Ben Salem S. Oueslati H. Berrada A. Juan-García J. Mañes |
| author_facet | C. Juan A. Mannai H. Ben Salem S. Oueslati H. Berrada A. Juan-García J. Mañes |
| author_sort | C. Juan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Silage represents a major part of the feed ration for livestock, being a potential cause of mycotoxicosis as it can be contaminated with toxigenic fungi capable of producing mycotoxins in suitable environmental conditions.In the present work, the presence of natural mycotoxins in samples collected of silage from the main producing areas in Tunisia (Ariana, Bizerte, Béjà and Jendouba) was assessed based on different plant material (oat, barley, triticale, artichoke, sulla or raygrass). Mycotoxins were evaluated during three periods in green forage (P1) and subsequently in ensiled products after 60 days (P2) and 100 days (P3) of fermentation. Samples were extracted by a QuEChERS procedure and analyzed by mass spectrometry for the determination of 23 mycotoxins. The results showed the presence of Fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2 toxin, zearalenone (ZEA), enniatins (ENA1, ENB, ENB1) and beauvericine (BEA); as well as one Alternaria mycotoxin tentoxin (TENT). The highest values detected were for DON in the three periods. DON maximum value were 381, 2053 and 916 µg/kg for P1, P2 and P3, respectively. This study demonstrated the presence of fungi and DON, ZEA and ENs contamination in Tunisian silage without a recognized risk on the ruminants or further in humans. However, a continuous enhancement of the silage quality, and management and control of mycotoxins, should be implemented to ensure safe ensilable plant material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:10:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78848fe854ce455b9ad05e43a6ea6ed3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:10:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-78848fe854ce455b9ad05e43a6ea6ed32022-12-22T00:08:37ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522020-08-0113867536761Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from TunisiaC. Juan0A. Mannai1H. Ben Salem2S. Oueslati3H. Berrada4A. Juan-García5J. Mañes6Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, SpainLaboratory of Animal and Forage Productions, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia (INRAT), TunisiaLaboratory of Animal and Forage Productions, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia (INRAT), TunisiaRegional Field Crop Research Center of Béjà (CRRGC), Route de Tunis, Km 5, 9000 Béjà, TunisiaLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain; Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, SpainSilage represents a major part of the feed ration for livestock, being a potential cause of mycotoxicosis as it can be contaminated with toxigenic fungi capable of producing mycotoxins in suitable environmental conditions.In the present work, the presence of natural mycotoxins in samples collected of silage from the main producing areas in Tunisia (Ariana, Bizerte, Béjà and Jendouba) was assessed based on different plant material (oat, barley, triticale, artichoke, sulla or raygrass). Mycotoxins were evaluated during three periods in green forage (P1) and subsequently in ensiled products after 60 days (P2) and 100 days (P3) of fermentation. Samples were extracted by a QuEChERS procedure and analyzed by mass spectrometry for the determination of 23 mycotoxins. The results showed the presence of Fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2 toxin, zearalenone (ZEA), enniatins (ENA1, ENB, ENB1) and beauvericine (BEA); as well as one Alternaria mycotoxin tentoxin (TENT). The highest values detected were for DON in the three periods. DON maximum value were 381, 2053 and 916 µg/kg for P1, P2 and P3, respectively. This study demonstrated the presence of fungi and DON, ZEA and ENs contamination in Tunisian silage without a recognized risk on the ruminants or further in humans. However, a continuous enhancement of the silage quality, and management and control of mycotoxins, should be implemented to ensure safe ensilable plant material.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535220302355SilagePost-fermentedPre-fermentedMycotoxinLC-MS/MSQuEChERS |
| spellingShingle | C. Juan A. Mannai H. Ben Salem S. Oueslati H. Berrada A. Juan-García J. Mañes Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from Tunisia Arabian Journal of Chemistry Silage Post-fermented Pre-fermented Mycotoxin LC-MS/MS QuEChERS |
| title | Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from Tunisia |
| title_full | Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from Tunisia |
| title_fullStr | Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from Tunisia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from Tunisia |
| title_short | Mycotoxins presence in pre- and post-fermented silage from Tunisia |
| title_sort | mycotoxins presence in pre and post fermented silage from tunisia |
| topic | Silage Post-fermented Pre-fermented Mycotoxin LC-MS/MS QuEChERS |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535220302355 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cjuan mycotoxinspresenceinpreandpostfermentedsilagefromtunisia AT amannai mycotoxinspresenceinpreandpostfermentedsilagefromtunisia AT hbensalem mycotoxinspresenceinpreandpostfermentedsilagefromtunisia AT soueslati mycotoxinspresenceinpreandpostfermentedsilagefromtunisia AT hberrada mycotoxinspresenceinpreandpostfermentedsilagefromtunisia AT ajuangarcia mycotoxinspresenceinpreandpostfermentedsilagefromtunisia AT jmanes mycotoxinspresenceinpreandpostfermentedsilagefromtunisia |