Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells
Cr(VI) is considered to be the most hazardous and toxic oxidation state of chromium and hence the development of effective removal technologies, able to provide water with Cr(VI) below the drinking water limits (US EPA 100 μg/L, European Commission 50 μg/L, which will be reduced to 25 by 2036) is a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/7/1067 |
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| author | Athanasia K. Tolkou Soultana Trikalioti Olina Makrogianni Maria Xanthopoulou Eleni A. Deliyanni Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis George Z. Kyzas |
| author_facet | Athanasia K. Tolkou Soultana Trikalioti Olina Makrogianni Maria Xanthopoulou Eleni A. Deliyanni Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis George Z. Kyzas |
| author_sort | Athanasia K. Tolkou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cr(VI) is considered to be the most hazardous and toxic oxidation state of chromium and hence the development of effective removal technologies, able to provide water with Cr(VI) below the drinking water limits (US EPA 100 μg/L, European Commission 50 μg/L, which will be reduced to 25 by 2036) is a very important issue in water treatment. This study aimed at examining the performance of activated carbon produced from coconut shells, modified by lanthanum chloride, for Cr(VI) removal from waters. The structure of the formed material (COC-AC-La) was characterized by the application of BET, FTIR and SEM techniques. The effect of the adsorbent’s dosage, pH value, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration and water matrix was examined with respect to Cr(VI) removal. The results indicated that the maximum Cr(VI) removal was observed at pH 5; 4 h contact time and 0.2 g/L of adsorbent’s dosage was adequate to reduce Cr(VI) from 100 μg/L to below 25 μg/L. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models fitted the experimental data sufficiently. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved was 6.3 μg/g at pH 5. At this pH value, the removal percentage of Cr(VI) reached 95% for an initial Cr(VI) concertation of 30 μg/L. At pH 7 the corresponding efficiency was roughly 60%, resulting in residual Cr(VI) concentrations below the anticipated drinking water limit of 25 μg/L of total chromium, when the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 50 μg/L. Consecutive adsorption and regeneration studies were conducted using 0.01 M of NaOH as an eluent to evaluate the reusability of the adsorbents, Results showed 20% decrease of adsorption capacity after 5 regeneration cycles of operation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:35:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78865e68c28a4697bafe9322d4c8bf3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:35:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-78865e68c28a4697bafe9322d4c8bf3e2023-11-30T23:43:56ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-03-01127106710.3390/nano12071067Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut ShellsAthanasia K. Tolkou0Soultana Trikalioti1Olina Makrogianni2Maria Xanthopoulou3Eleni A. Deliyanni4Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis5George Z. Kyzas6Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, GreeceCr(VI) is considered to be the most hazardous and toxic oxidation state of chromium and hence the development of effective removal technologies, able to provide water with Cr(VI) below the drinking water limits (US EPA 100 μg/L, European Commission 50 μg/L, which will be reduced to 25 by 2036) is a very important issue in water treatment. This study aimed at examining the performance of activated carbon produced from coconut shells, modified by lanthanum chloride, for Cr(VI) removal from waters. The structure of the formed material (COC-AC-La) was characterized by the application of BET, FTIR and SEM techniques. The effect of the adsorbent’s dosage, pH value, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration and water matrix was examined with respect to Cr(VI) removal. The results indicated that the maximum Cr(VI) removal was observed at pH 5; 4 h contact time and 0.2 g/L of adsorbent’s dosage was adequate to reduce Cr(VI) from 100 μg/L to below 25 μg/L. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models fitted the experimental data sufficiently. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved was 6.3 μg/g at pH 5. At this pH value, the removal percentage of Cr(VI) reached 95% for an initial Cr(VI) concertation of 30 μg/L. At pH 7 the corresponding efficiency was roughly 60%, resulting in residual Cr(VI) concentrations below the anticipated drinking water limit of 25 μg/L of total chromium, when the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 50 μg/L. Consecutive adsorption and regeneration studies were conducted using 0.01 M of NaOH as an eluent to evaluate the reusability of the adsorbents, Results showed 20% decrease of adsorption capacity after 5 regeneration cycles of operation.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/7/1067chromium removaladsorptionactivated carboncoconut shellwater treatmentlanthanum |
| spellingShingle | Athanasia K. Tolkou Soultana Trikalioti Olina Makrogianni Maria Xanthopoulou Eleni A. Deliyanni Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis George Z. Kyzas Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells Nanomaterials chromium removal adsorption activated carbon coconut shell water treatment lanthanum |
| title | Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells |
| title_full | Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells |
| title_fullStr | Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells |
| title_short | Chromium(VI) Removal from Water by Lanthanum Hybrid Modified Activated Carbon Produced from Coconut Shells |
| title_sort | chromium vi removal from water by lanthanum hybrid modified activated carbon produced from coconut shells |
| topic | chromium removal adsorption activated carbon coconut shell water treatment lanthanum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/7/1067 |
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