Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cance...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/7/1827 |
| _version_ | 1797563084063113216 |
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| author | Grace L. Wong Sara Abu Jalboush Hui-Wen Lo |
| author_facet | Grace L. Wong Sara Abu Jalboush Hui-Wen Lo |
| author_sort | Grace L. Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cancer is responsible for 90% of breast cancer-related deaths while only accounting for approximately one third of all breast cancer cases. To help develop effective treatments for metastatic breast cancer, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes, particularly, those underlying organotropism towards brain, bone, and lungs. In this review, we will primarily focus on the roles that circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play in organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play critical roles in intercellular communication. MicroRNAs can be encapsulated in exosomes; cargo-loaded exosomes can be secreted by tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor–stroma interactions or released to circulation to prime distant organs for subsequent metastasis. Here, we will summarize our current knowledge on the biogenesis of exosomes and miRNAs, mechanisms of cargo sorting into exosomes, the exosomal miRNAs implicated in breast cancer metastasis, and therapeutic exosomal miRNAs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-788fa31899d948cc93c3c0e2f3523d6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-788fa31899d948cc93c3c0e2f3523d6f2023-11-20T06:07:19ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-07-01127182710.3390/cancers12071827Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer MetastasisGrace L. Wong0Sara Abu Jalboush1Hui-Wen Lo2Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USADepartment of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USADepartment of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USABreast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cancer is responsible for 90% of breast cancer-related deaths while only accounting for approximately one third of all breast cancer cases. To help develop effective treatments for metastatic breast cancer, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes, particularly, those underlying organotropism towards brain, bone, and lungs. In this review, we will primarily focus on the roles that circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play in organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play critical roles in intercellular communication. MicroRNAs can be encapsulated in exosomes; cargo-loaded exosomes can be secreted by tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor–stroma interactions or released to circulation to prime distant organs for subsequent metastasis. Here, we will summarize our current knowledge on the biogenesis of exosomes and miRNAs, mechanisms of cargo sorting into exosomes, the exosomal miRNAs implicated in breast cancer metastasis, and therapeutic exosomal miRNAs.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/7/1827breast cancermetastasisexosomesmicroRNAsorganotropism |
| spellingShingle | Grace L. Wong Sara Abu Jalboush Hui-Wen Lo Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis Cancers breast cancer metastasis exosomes microRNAs organotropism |
| title | Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
| title_full | Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
| title_fullStr | Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
| title_short | Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
| title_sort | exosomal micrornas and organotropism in breast cancer metastasis |
| topic | breast cancer metastasis exosomes microRNAs organotropism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/7/1827 |
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