A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic Acids
Lactic acid (LA) is an important organic acid with broad industrial applications. Considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastic with a wide range of applications, polylactic acid has generated a great deal of interest and therefore the demand for optically pure <...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6446 |
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| author | Shiyong Huang Yanfen Xue Bo Yu Limin Wang Cheng Zhou Yanhe Ma |
| author_facet | Shiyong Huang Yanfen Xue Bo Yu Limin Wang Cheng Zhou Yanhe Ma |
| author_sort | Shiyong Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lactic acid (LA) is an important organic acid with broad industrial applications. Considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastic with a wide range of applications, polylactic acid has generated a great deal of interest and therefore the demand for optically pure <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>- or <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-lactic acid has increased accordingly. Microbial fermentation is the industrial route for LA production. LA bacteria and certain genetic engineering bacteria are widely used for LA production. Although some fungi, such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, are not natural LA producers, they have recently received increased attention for LA production because of their acid tolerance. The main challenge for LA bioproduction is the high cost of substrates. The development of LA production from cost-effective biomasses is a potential solution to reduce the cost of LA production. This review examined and discussed recent progress in optically pure <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-lactic acid and optically pure <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-lactic acid fermentation. The utilization of inexpensive substrates is also focused on. Additionally, for PLA production, a complete biological process by one-step fermentation from renewable resources is also currently being developed by metabolically engineered bacteria. We also summarize the strategies and procedures for metabolically engineering microorganisms producing PLA. In addition, there exists some challenges to efficiently produce PLA, therefore strategies to overcome these challenges through metabolic engineering combined with enzyme engineering are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:55:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7895e0f43c444c57a74f51e9a4da53de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:55:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-7895e0f43c444c57a74f51e9a4da53de2023-11-22T21:21:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-10-012621644610.3390/molecules26216446A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic AcidsShiyong Huang0Yanfen Xue1Bo Yu2Limin Wang3Cheng Zhou4Yanhe Ma5State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaLactic acid (LA) is an important organic acid with broad industrial applications. Considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastic with a wide range of applications, polylactic acid has generated a great deal of interest and therefore the demand for optically pure <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>- or <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-lactic acid has increased accordingly. Microbial fermentation is the industrial route for LA production. LA bacteria and certain genetic engineering bacteria are widely used for LA production. Although some fungi, such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, are not natural LA producers, they have recently received increased attention for LA production because of their acid tolerance. The main challenge for LA bioproduction is the high cost of substrates. The development of LA production from cost-effective biomasses is a potential solution to reduce the cost of LA production. This review examined and discussed recent progress in optically pure <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-lactic acid and optically pure <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-lactic acid fermentation. The utilization of inexpensive substrates is also focused on. Additionally, for PLA production, a complete biological process by one-step fermentation from renewable resources is also currently being developed by metabolically engineered bacteria. We also summarize the strategies and procedures for metabolically engineering microorganisms producing PLA. In addition, there exists some challenges to efficiently produce PLA, therefore strategies to overcome these challenges through metabolic engineering combined with enzyme engineering are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6446lactic acidpolylactic acidmicrobial productionrenewable resourceclean fermentationmetabolic engineering |
| spellingShingle | Shiyong Huang Yanfen Xue Bo Yu Limin Wang Cheng Zhou Yanhe Ma A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic Acids Molecules lactic acid polylactic acid microbial production renewable resource clean fermentation metabolic engineering |
| title | A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic Acids |
| title_full | A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic Acids |
| title_fullStr | A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic Acids |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic Acids |
| title_short | A Review of the Recent Developments in the Bioproduction of Polylactic Acid and Its Precursors Optically Pure Lactic Acids |
| title_sort | review of the recent developments in the bioproduction of polylactic acid and its precursors optically pure lactic acids |
| topic | lactic acid polylactic acid microbial production renewable resource clean fermentation metabolic engineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6446 |
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