What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literature
The placenta plays a fundamental role during pregnancy for fetal growth and development. A suboptimal placental function may result in severe consequences during the infant’s first years of life. In recent years, a new field known as neuroplacentology has emerged and it focuses on the role of the pl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.936171/full |
| _version_ | 1818483871516196864 |
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| author | Barbara Gardella Barbara Gardella Mattia Dominoni Mattia Dominoni Annachiara Licia Scatigno Annachiara Licia Scatigno Stefania Cesari Giacomo Fiandrino Simona Orcesi Simona Orcesi Arsenio Spinillo Arsenio Spinillo |
| author_facet | Barbara Gardella Barbara Gardella Mattia Dominoni Mattia Dominoni Annachiara Licia Scatigno Annachiara Licia Scatigno Stefania Cesari Giacomo Fiandrino Simona Orcesi Simona Orcesi Arsenio Spinillo Arsenio Spinillo |
| author_sort | Barbara Gardella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The placenta plays a fundamental role during pregnancy for fetal growth and development. A suboptimal placental function may result in severe consequences during the infant’s first years of life. In recent years, a new field known as neuroplacentology has emerged and it focuses on the role of the placenta in fetal and neonatal brain development. Because of the limited data, our aim was to provide a narrative review of the most recent knowledge about the relation between placental lesions and fetal and newborn neurological development. Papers published online from 2000 until February 2022 were taken into consideration and particular attention was given to articles in which placental lesions were related to neonatal morbidity and short-term and long-term neurological outcome. Most research regarding the role of placental lesions in neurodevelopment has been conducted on fetal growth restriction and preterm infants. Principal neurological outcomes investigated were periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhages, neonatal encephalopathy and autism spectrum disorder. No consequences in motor development were found. All the considered studies agree about the crucial role played by placenta in fetal and neonatal neurological development and outcome. However, the causal mechanisms remain largely unknown. Knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms and on placenta-related risks for neurological problems may provide clues for early interventions aiming to improve neurological outcomes, especially among pediatricians and child psychiatrists. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:47:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-789a57c9c4d14137ae5eab903f425b21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:47:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-789a57c9c4d14137ae5eab903f425b212022-12-22T01:42:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-08-011310.3389/fendo.2022.936171936171What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literatureBarbara Gardella0Barbara Gardella1Mattia Dominoni2Mattia Dominoni3Annachiara Licia Scatigno4Annachiara Licia Scatigno5Stefania Cesari6Giacomo Fiandrino7Simona Orcesi8Simona Orcesi9Arsenio Spinillo10Arsenio Spinillo11Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pathology, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pathology, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyChild Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyThe placenta plays a fundamental role during pregnancy for fetal growth and development. A suboptimal placental function may result in severe consequences during the infant’s first years of life. In recent years, a new field known as neuroplacentology has emerged and it focuses on the role of the placenta in fetal and neonatal brain development. Because of the limited data, our aim was to provide a narrative review of the most recent knowledge about the relation between placental lesions and fetal and newborn neurological development. Papers published online from 2000 until February 2022 were taken into consideration and particular attention was given to articles in which placental lesions were related to neonatal morbidity and short-term and long-term neurological outcome. Most research regarding the role of placental lesions in neurodevelopment has been conducted on fetal growth restriction and preterm infants. Principal neurological outcomes investigated were periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhages, neonatal encephalopathy and autism spectrum disorder. No consequences in motor development were found. All the considered studies agree about the crucial role played by placenta in fetal and neonatal neurological development and outcome. However, the causal mechanisms remain largely unknown. Knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms and on placenta-related risks for neurological problems may provide clues for early interventions aiming to improve neurological outcomes, especially among pediatricians and child psychiatrists.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.936171/fullneuroplacentologyplacental pathology and neurological outcomeneurological morbidityplacental epigenetic and neurodevelopmentcerebral palsy |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Gardella Barbara Gardella Mattia Dominoni Mattia Dominoni Annachiara Licia Scatigno Annachiara Licia Scatigno Stefania Cesari Giacomo Fiandrino Simona Orcesi Simona Orcesi Arsenio Spinillo Arsenio Spinillo What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literature Frontiers in Endocrinology neuroplacentology placental pathology and neurological outcome neurological morbidity placental epigenetic and neurodevelopment cerebral palsy |
| title | What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literature |
| title_full | What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literature |
| title_fullStr | What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literature |
| title_short | What is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants: A narrative review of literature |
| title_sort | what is known about neuroplacentology in fetal growth restriction and in preterm infants a narrative review of literature |
| topic | neuroplacentology placental pathology and neurological outcome neurological morbidity placental epigenetic and neurodevelopment cerebral palsy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.936171/full |
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