Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads
Heavy metals, such as chromium (VI) and lead (II), are the most common pollutants found in wastewater. To solve these problems, this research was intended to synthesize magnetite hydrogel beads (CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) by crosslinking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/612 |
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| author | Nur Maisarah Mohamad Sarbani Endar Hidayat Kanako Naito Yoshiharu Mitoma Hiroyuki Harada |
| author_facet | Nur Maisarah Mohamad Sarbani Endar Hidayat Kanako Naito Yoshiharu Mitoma Hiroyuki Harada |
| author_sort | Nur Maisarah Mohamad Sarbani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metals, such as chromium (VI) and lead (II), are the most common pollutants found in wastewater. To solve these problems, this research was intended to synthesize magnetite hydrogel beads (CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) by crosslinking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) and impregnating them with iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) as a potential adsorbent to remove Cr (VI) and Pb (II) from water. CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was characterized by pH<sub>zpc</sub>, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Batch removal experiments with different variables (CMC:CS ratio, pH, initial metals concentration, and contact time) were conducted, and the results revealed that CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with a CMC:CS (3:1) ratio had the best adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) at pH levels of 2 and 4, respectively. The findings of this research revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were 3.5 mg/g and 18.26 mg/g, respectively, within 28 h at 30 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>℃</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics suggested that removal of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were fitted to Langmuir and pseudo-second orders. The highest desorption percentages for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were 70.43% and 83.85%, achieved using 0.3 M NaOH and 0.01 M N<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>a2EDTA, respectively. Interestingly, after the first cycle of the adsorption–desorption process, the hydrogel showed a sudden increase in adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) until it reached 7.7 mg/g and 33.0 mg/g, respectively. This outcome may have certain causes, such as entrapped metal ions providing easy access to the available sites inside the hydrogel or thinning of the outer layer of the beads leading to greater exposure toward active sites. Hence, CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hydrogel beads may have potential application in Cr (VI) and Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions for sustainable environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78a509837bf74c32a5b964dd27982080 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-78a509837bf74c32a5b964dd279820802023-11-19T01:13:11ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-07-019861210.3390/gels9080612Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel BeadsNur Maisarah Mohamad Sarbani0Endar Hidayat1Kanako Naito2Yoshiharu Mitoma3Hiroyuki Harada4Graduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, JapanGraduate School of Comprehensive and Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, JapanHeavy metals, such as chromium (VI) and lead (II), are the most common pollutants found in wastewater. To solve these problems, this research was intended to synthesize magnetite hydrogel beads (CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) by crosslinking carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) and impregnating them with iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) as a potential adsorbent to remove Cr (VI) and Pb (II) from water. CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was characterized by pH<sub>zpc</sub>, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Batch removal experiments with different variables (CMC:CS ratio, pH, initial metals concentration, and contact time) were conducted, and the results revealed that CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with a CMC:CS (3:1) ratio had the best adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) at pH levels of 2 and 4, respectively. The findings of this research revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were 3.5 mg/g and 18.26 mg/g, respectively, within 28 h at 30 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>℃</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics suggested that removal of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were fitted to Langmuir and pseudo-second orders. The highest desorption percentages for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) were 70.43% and 83.85%, achieved using 0.3 M NaOH and 0.01 M N<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>·</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>a2EDTA, respectively. Interestingly, after the first cycle of the adsorption–desorption process, the hydrogel showed a sudden increase in adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) until it reached 7.7 mg/g and 33.0 mg/g, respectively. This outcome may have certain causes, such as entrapped metal ions providing easy access to the available sites inside the hydrogel or thinning of the outer layer of the beads leading to greater exposure toward active sites. Hence, CMC-CS-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hydrogel beads may have potential application in Cr (VI) and Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions for sustainable environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/612carboxymethyl–cellulosechitosanPb (II) removalCr (VI) removaladsorptionadsorption capacity |
| spellingShingle | Nur Maisarah Mohamad Sarbani Endar Hidayat Kanako Naito Yoshiharu Mitoma Hiroyuki Harada Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads Gels carboxymethyl–cellulose chitosan Pb (II) removal Cr (VI) removal adsorption adsorption capacity |
| title | Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads |
| title_full | Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads |
| title_fullStr | Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads |
| title_short | Cr (VI) and Pb (II) Removal Using Crosslinking Magnetite-Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Chitosan Hydrogel Beads |
| title_sort | cr vi and pb ii removal using crosslinking magnetite carboxymethyl cellulose chitosan hydrogel beads |
| topic | carboxymethyl–cellulose chitosan Pb (II) removal Cr (VI) removal adsorption adsorption capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/612 |
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