The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies
BackgroundThe effectiveness of full Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination against COVID-19 wanes over time. This study aimed to synthesize the clinical effectiveness of the first dose of COVID-19 booster by comparing it to the full vaccination.MethodsStudies in PubMed, Web of Science, Emba...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1165611/full |
| _version_ | 1797814415451488256 |
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| author | Junjie Xu Junjie Xu Xinquan Lan Xinquan Lan Liangyuan Zhang Liangyuan Zhang Xiangjun Zhang Jiaqi Zhang Jiaqi Zhang Moxin Song Moxin Song Jiaye Liu |
| author_facet | Junjie Xu Junjie Xu Xinquan Lan Xinquan Lan Liangyuan Zhang Liangyuan Zhang Xiangjun Zhang Jiaqi Zhang Jiaqi Zhang Moxin Song Moxin Song Jiaye Liu |
| author_sort | Junjie Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe effectiveness of full Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination against COVID-19 wanes over time. This study aimed to synthesize the clinical effectiveness of the first dose of COVID-19 booster by comparing it to the full vaccination.MethodsStudies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and clinical trials databases were searched from 1 January 2021 to 10 September 2022. Studies were eligible if they comprised general adult participants who were not ever or currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, did not have impaired immunity or immunosuppression, and did not have severe diseases. The seroconversion rate of antibodies to S and S subunits and antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2, frequency, phenotype of specific T and B cells, and clinical events involving confirmed infection, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and death were compared between the first booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination group and full vaccination group. The DerSimonian and Laird random effects models were used to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the outcomes of clinical interest. While a qualitative description was mainly used to compare the immunogenicity between the first booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination group and full vaccination group. Sensitivity analysis was used to deal with heterogenicity.ResultsOf the 10,173 records identified, 10 studies were included for analysis. The first dose COVID-19 booster vaccine could induce higher seroconversion rates of antibodies against various SAS-CoV-2 fragments, higher neutralization antibody titers against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, and robust cellular immune response compared to the full vaccination. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the risk of admission to the ICU, and the risk of death were all higher in the non-booster group than those in the booster group, with RRs of 9.45 (95% CI 3.22–27.79; total evaluated population 12,422,454 vs. 8,441,368; I2 = 100%), 14.75 (95% CI 4.07–53.46; total evaluated population 12,048,224 vs. 7,291,644; I2 = 91%), and 13.63 (95% CI 4.72–39.36; total evaluated population 12,385,960 vs. 8,297,037; I2 = 85%), respectively.ConclusionA homogenous or heterogeneous booster COVID-19 vaccination could elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, it could significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical events on top of two doses. Future studies are needed to investigate the long-term clinical effectiveness of the first booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and compare the effectiveness between homogenous and heterogeneous booster COVID-19 vaccination.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-11-0114/, identifier: INPLASY2022110114. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:07:26Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:07:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-78a6d440e2cd48a7b21d2f972a32304c2023-06-01T04:30:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-06-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11656111165611The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studiesJunjie Xu0Junjie Xu1Xinquan Lan2Xinquan Lan3Liangyuan Zhang4Liangyuan Zhang5Xiangjun Zhang6Jiaqi Zhang7Jiaqi Zhang8Moxin Song9Moxin Song10Jiaye Liu11Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaClinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaClinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United StatesClinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaClinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, ChinaBackgroundThe effectiveness of full Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination against COVID-19 wanes over time. This study aimed to synthesize the clinical effectiveness of the first dose of COVID-19 booster by comparing it to the full vaccination.MethodsStudies in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and clinical trials databases were searched from 1 January 2021 to 10 September 2022. Studies were eligible if they comprised general adult participants who were not ever or currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, did not have impaired immunity or immunosuppression, and did not have severe diseases. The seroconversion rate of antibodies to S and S subunits and antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2, frequency, phenotype of specific T and B cells, and clinical events involving confirmed infection, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and death were compared between the first booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination group and full vaccination group. The DerSimonian and Laird random effects models were used to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the outcomes of clinical interest. While a qualitative description was mainly used to compare the immunogenicity between the first booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination group and full vaccination group. Sensitivity analysis was used to deal with heterogenicity.ResultsOf the 10,173 records identified, 10 studies were included for analysis. The first dose COVID-19 booster vaccine could induce higher seroconversion rates of antibodies against various SAS-CoV-2 fragments, higher neutralization antibody titers against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, and robust cellular immune response compared to the full vaccination. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the risk of admission to the ICU, and the risk of death were all higher in the non-booster group than those in the booster group, with RRs of 9.45 (95% CI 3.22–27.79; total evaluated population 12,422,454 vs. 8,441,368; I2 = 100%), 14.75 (95% CI 4.07–53.46; total evaluated population 12,048,224 vs. 7,291,644; I2 = 91%), and 13.63 (95% CI 4.72–39.36; total evaluated population 12,385,960 vs. 8,297,037; I2 = 85%), respectively.ConclusionA homogenous or heterogeneous booster COVID-19 vaccination could elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, it could significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical events on top of two doses. Future studies are needed to investigate the long-term clinical effectiveness of the first booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and compare the effectiveness between homogenous and heterogeneous booster COVID-19 vaccination.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-11-0114/, identifier: INPLASY2022110114.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1165611/fullCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2vaccineboostereffectivenessmeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Junjie Xu Junjie Xu Xinquan Lan Xinquan Lan Liangyuan Zhang Liangyuan Zhang Xiangjun Zhang Jiaqi Zhang Jiaqi Zhang Moxin Song Moxin Song Jiaye Liu The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies Frontiers in Public Health COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster effectiveness meta-analysis |
| title | The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies |
| title_full | The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies |
| title_fullStr | The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies |
| title_short | The effectiveness of the first dose COVID-19 booster vs. full vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 clinical event: a meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies |
| title_sort | effectiveness of the first dose covid 19 booster vs full vaccination to prevent sars cov 2 infection and severe covid 19 clinical event a meta analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster effectiveness meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1165611/full |
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