One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil
Abstract Background Toxocariasis has been listed among the most neglected parasitic diseases worldwide, with approximately one fifth of the global population exposed, particularly those living under poverty. In Brazil, communities of descendants of enslaved blacks (quilombola) have historically had...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-06010-w |
| _version_ | 1797577816966955008 |
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| author | Vamilton Alvares Santarém Giovanni Kalempa Panazzolo Louise Bach Kmetiuk Orlei José Domingues Isabella Braghin Ferreira Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho João Henrique Farinhas Fernando Rodrigo Doline Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano Leandro Meneguelli Biondo Rogério Giuffrida Alexander Welker Biondo Giovani Marino Fávero |
| author_facet | Vamilton Alvares Santarém Giovanni Kalempa Panazzolo Louise Bach Kmetiuk Orlei José Domingues Isabella Braghin Ferreira Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho João Henrique Farinhas Fernando Rodrigo Doline Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano Leandro Meneguelli Biondo Rogério Giuffrida Alexander Welker Biondo Giovani Marino Fávero |
| author_sort | Vamilton Alvares Santarém |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Toxocariasis has been listed among the most neglected parasitic diseases worldwide, with approximately one fifth of the global population exposed, particularly those living under poverty. In Brazil, communities of descendants of enslaved blacks (quilombola) have historically had some of the highest rates of vulnerability and poverty, characterized by lack of health assistance, poor quality of life, and nutritional insecurity. Methods A cross-sectional sampling of quilombola individuals living in four communities of southern Brazil, as well as their dogs and the soil, was carried out from December 2021 to March 2022. Sociodemographic and other information such as water source, alimentary habits, and dog and cat ownership were gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire for assessing toxocariasis risk factors. Human serum samples were tested by ELISA for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibody detection was carried out on dog feces and hair, and soil samples were surveyed for presence of Toxocara spp. eggs. Results Overall, 172/208 individuals (82.7%, 95% CI = 77.0–87.2) were seropositive, the highest seroprevalence rate to date in Brazil. Male gender (P = 0.029), educational level (P = 0.026), and drinking water source (P = 0.043) were associated with seropositivity by univariate analysis. Final logistic regression revealed increased odds (P = 0.017, OR = 7.6, 95% CI = 1.5–42.7) to have seropositivity in individuals > 50 years old (< 10 years old). As expected, individuals with soil contact were more likely seropositive (P = 0.038, OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.1–18.8). Although retrieved in only 5/96 (5.2%) dog feces, Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 18/60 (30.0%) soil samples. Conclusions The high vulnerability and seroprevalence observed in quilombola communities clearly demand a One Health approach for detection, monitoring, and prevention of infection by Toxocara spp. in both human and dog populations. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78aaf3062395433080acb472eed05f37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-78aaf3062395433080acb472eed05f372023-11-19T12:31:37ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052023-10-0116111110.1186/s13071-023-06010-wOne health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern BrazilVamilton Alvares Santarém0Giovanni Kalempa Panazzolo1Louise Bach Kmetiuk2Orlei José Domingues3Isabella Braghin Ferreira4Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho5João Henrique Farinhas6Fernando Rodrigo Doline7Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano8Leandro Meneguelli Biondo9Rogério Giuffrida10Alexander Welker Biondo11Giovani Marino Fávero12Graduate College of Animal Science, University of Western São PauloGraduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta GrossaGraduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of ParanáGraduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta GrossaGraduate College of Animal Science, University of Western São PauloGraduate College of Animal Science, University of Western São PauloGraduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of ParanáGraduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of ParanáInstitute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São PauloBrazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation, National Institute of the Atlantic Forest (INMA)Graduate College of Animal Science, University of Western São PauloGraduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of ParanáGraduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta GrossaAbstract Background Toxocariasis has been listed among the most neglected parasitic diseases worldwide, with approximately one fifth of the global population exposed, particularly those living under poverty. In Brazil, communities of descendants of enslaved blacks (quilombola) have historically had some of the highest rates of vulnerability and poverty, characterized by lack of health assistance, poor quality of life, and nutritional insecurity. Methods A cross-sectional sampling of quilombola individuals living in four communities of southern Brazil, as well as their dogs and the soil, was carried out from December 2021 to March 2022. Sociodemographic and other information such as water source, alimentary habits, and dog and cat ownership were gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire for assessing toxocariasis risk factors. Human serum samples were tested by ELISA for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibody detection was carried out on dog feces and hair, and soil samples were surveyed for presence of Toxocara spp. eggs. Results Overall, 172/208 individuals (82.7%, 95% CI = 77.0–87.2) were seropositive, the highest seroprevalence rate to date in Brazil. Male gender (P = 0.029), educational level (P = 0.026), and drinking water source (P = 0.043) were associated with seropositivity by univariate analysis. Final logistic regression revealed increased odds (P = 0.017, OR = 7.6, 95% CI = 1.5–42.7) to have seropositivity in individuals > 50 years old (< 10 years old). As expected, individuals with soil contact were more likely seropositive (P = 0.038, OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.1–18.8). Although retrieved in only 5/96 (5.2%) dog feces, Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 18/60 (30.0%) soil samples. Conclusions The high vulnerability and seroprevalence observed in quilombola communities clearly demand a One Health approach for detection, monitoring, and prevention of infection by Toxocara spp. in both human and dog populations. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-06010-wEpidemiologyPovertyQuilomboSeroprevalenceToxocara spp.Zoonosis |
| spellingShingle | Vamilton Alvares Santarém Giovanni Kalempa Panazzolo Louise Bach Kmetiuk Orlei José Domingues Isabella Braghin Ferreira Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho João Henrique Farinhas Fernando Rodrigo Doline Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano Leandro Meneguelli Biondo Rogério Giuffrida Alexander Welker Biondo Giovani Marino Fávero One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil Parasites & Vectors Epidemiology Poverty Quilombo Seroprevalence Toxocara spp. Zoonosis |
| title | One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil |
| title_full | One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil |
| title_fullStr | One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil |
| title_short | One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil |
| title_sort | one health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern brazil |
| topic | Epidemiology Poverty Quilombo Seroprevalence Toxocara spp. Zoonosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-06010-w |
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