Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While the genomic era is accumulating a tremendous amount of data, the question of how genomics can describe a bacterial species remains to be fully addressed. The recent sequencing of the genome of the <it>Mycoplasma agalactia...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2010-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/86 |
| _version_ | 1828367130617184256 |
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| author | Mangenot Sophie Barbe Valérie Sagné Eveline Marenda Marc S Sirand-Pugnet Pascal Nouvel Laurent X Schenowitz Chantal Jacob Daniel Barré Aurélien Claverol Stéphane Blanchard Alain Citti Christine |
| author_facet | Mangenot Sophie Barbe Valérie Sagné Eveline Marenda Marc S Sirand-Pugnet Pascal Nouvel Laurent X Schenowitz Chantal Jacob Daniel Barré Aurélien Claverol Stéphane Blanchard Alain Citti Christine |
| author_sort | Mangenot Sophie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While the genomic era is accumulating a tremendous amount of data, the question of how genomics can describe a bacterial species remains to be fully addressed. The recent sequencing of the genome of the <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>type strain has challenged our general view on mycoplasmas by suggesting that these simple bacteria are able to exchange significant amount of genetic material via horizontal gene transfer. Yet, events that are shaping mycoplasma genomes and that are underlining diversity within this species have to be fully evaluated. For this purpose, we compared two strains that are representative of the genetic spectrum encountered in this species: the type strain PG2 which genome is already available and a field strain, 5632, which was fully sequenced and annotated in this study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The two genomes differ by ca. 130 kbp with that of 5632 being the largest (1006 kbp). The make up of this additional genetic material mainly corresponds (i) to mobile genetic elements and (ii) to expanded repertoire of gene families that encode putative surface proteins and display features of highly-variable systems. More specifically, three entire copies of a previously described integrative conjugative element are found in 5632 that accounts for ca. 80 kbp. Other mobile genetic elements, found in 5632 but not in PG2, are the more classical insertion sequences which are related to those found in two other ruminant pathogens, <it>M. bovis </it>and <it>M. mycoides </it>subsp. <it>mycoides </it>SC. In 5632, repertoires of gene families encoding surface proteins are larger due to gene duplication. Comparative proteomic analyses of the two strains indicate that the additional coding capacity of 5632 affects the overall architecture of the surface and suggests the occurrence of new phase variable systems based on single nucleotide polymorphisms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overall, comparative analyses of two <it>M. agalactiae </it>strains revealed a very dynamic genome which structure has been shaped by gene flow among ruminant mycoplasmas and expansion-reduction of gene repertoires encoding surface proteins, the expression of which is driven by localized genetic micro-events.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:54:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78afb19d26274fe79fd742a7d41f4998 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:54:14Z |
| publishDate | 2010-02-01 |
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| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj.art-78afb19d26274fe79fd742a7d41f49982022-12-22T02:08:59ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642010-02-011118610.1186/1471-2164-11-86Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversityMangenot SophieBarbe ValérieSagné EvelineMarenda Marc SSirand-Pugnet PascalNouvel Laurent XSchenowitz ChantalJacob DanielBarré AurélienClaverol StéphaneBlanchard AlainCitti Christine<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While the genomic era is accumulating a tremendous amount of data, the question of how genomics can describe a bacterial species remains to be fully addressed. The recent sequencing of the genome of the <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>type strain has challenged our general view on mycoplasmas by suggesting that these simple bacteria are able to exchange significant amount of genetic material via horizontal gene transfer. Yet, events that are shaping mycoplasma genomes and that are underlining diversity within this species have to be fully evaluated. For this purpose, we compared two strains that are representative of the genetic spectrum encountered in this species: the type strain PG2 which genome is already available and a field strain, 5632, which was fully sequenced and annotated in this study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The two genomes differ by ca. 130 kbp with that of 5632 being the largest (1006 kbp). The make up of this additional genetic material mainly corresponds (i) to mobile genetic elements and (ii) to expanded repertoire of gene families that encode putative surface proteins and display features of highly-variable systems. More specifically, three entire copies of a previously described integrative conjugative element are found in 5632 that accounts for ca. 80 kbp. Other mobile genetic elements, found in 5632 but not in PG2, are the more classical insertion sequences which are related to those found in two other ruminant pathogens, <it>M. bovis </it>and <it>M. mycoides </it>subsp. <it>mycoides </it>SC. In 5632, repertoires of gene families encoding surface proteins are larger due to gene duplication. Comparative proteomic analyses of the two strains indicate that the additional coding capacity of 5632 affects the overall architecture of the surface and suggests the occurrence of new phase variable systems based on single nucleotide polymorphisms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overall, comparative analyses of two <it>M. agalactiae </it>strains revealed a very dynamic genome which structure has been shaped by gene flow among ruminant mycoplasmas and expansion-reduction of gene repertoires encoding surface proteins, the expression of which is driven by localized genetic micro-events.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/86 |
| spellingShingle | Mangenot Sophie Barbe Valérie Sagné Eveline Marenda Marc S Sirand-Pugnet Pascal Nouvel Laurent X Schenowitz Chantal Jacob Daniel Barré Aurélien Claverol Stéphane Blanchard Alain Citti Christine Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity BMC Genomics |
| title | Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity |
| title_full | Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity |
| title_fullStr | Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity |
| title_short | Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two <it>Mycoplasma agalactiae </it>strains: clues to the macro- and micro-events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity |
| title_sort | comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of two it mycoplasma agalactiae it strains clues to the macro and micro events that are shaping mycoplasma diversity |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/86 |
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