A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCT
This work presents a new asymmetric data hiding technique that hides a variable number of secret message bits in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of a cover image using a modular distance technique. Prior to data hiding, the proposed framework transforms a cover image from a spatial...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1659 |
| _version_ | 1797551288831967232 |
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| author | Sahib Khan Khalil Khan Arslan Arif Mahmoud Hassaballah Jehad Ali Qui Thanh Hoai Ta Lisu Yu |
| author_facet | Sahib Khan Khalil Khan Arslan Arif Mahmoud Hassaballah Jehad Ali Qui Thanh Hoai Ta Lisu Yu |
| author_sort | Sahib Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents a new asymmetric data hiding technique that hides a variable number of secret message bits in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of a cover image using a modular distance technique. Prior to data hiding, the proposed framework transforms a cover image from a spatial domain to various frequency coefficients using DCT. The DCT coefficients are arranged in two groups: one with low-frequency coefficient, and the other with the medium and high-frequency coefficients. The medium and higher frequency coefficients are processed for variable data hiding asymmetrically. The proposed technique hides variable sets of secret information bits in different coefficients. The variation in hidden secret information is maintained using a key developed based on the modulo of distance of a coefficient from the reference point. The same key is also used to retrieve the confidential information at the receiver ends. The results reveal that the presented framework does not create any visually significant distortion, and thus the hidden information does not attract the human visual system (HVS). The technique also results in high data hiding efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:42:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78b6561831be41269caae906c88828b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:42:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-78b6561831be41269caae906c88828b22023-11-20T16:41:16ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942020-10-011210165910.3390/sym12101659A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCTSahib Khan0Khalil Khan1Arslan Arif2Mahmoud Hassaballah3Jehad Ali4Qui Thanh Hoai Ta5Lisu Yu6Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, PakistanFaculty of Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54782, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptDepartment of Computer Engineering and Department of AI Convergence Network, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, KoreaInstitute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, VietnamSchool of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, ChinaThis work presents a new asymmetric data hiding technique that hides a variable number of secret message bits in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of a cover image using a modular distance technique. Prior to data hiding, the proposed framework transforms a cover image from a spatial domain to various frequency coefficients using DCT. The DCT coefficients are arranged in two groups: one with low-frequency coefficient, and the other with the medium and high-frequency coefficients. The medium and higher frequency coefficients are processed for variable data hiding asymmetrically. The proposed technique hides variable sets of secret information bits in different coefficients. The variation in hidden secret information is maintained using a key developed based on the modulo of distance of a coefficient from the reference point. The same key is also used to retrieve the confidential information at the receiver ends. The results reveal that the presented framework does not create any visually significant distortion, and thus the hidden information does not attract the human visual system (HVS). The technique also results in high data hiding efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1659asymmetric data hidingmodulo functionDCT<i>PSNR</i><i>SSIM</i>hiding efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Sahib Khan Khalil Khan Arslan Arif Mahmoud Hassaballah Jehad Ali Qui Thanh Hoai Ta Lisu Yu A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCT Symmetry asymmetric data hiding modulo function DCT <i>PSNR</i> <i>SSIM</i> hiding efficiency |
| title | A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCT |
| title_full | A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCT |
| title_fullStr | A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCT |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCT |
| title_short | A Modulo Function-Based Robust Asymmetric Variable Data Hiding Using DCT |
| title_sort | modulo function based robust asymmetric variable data hiding using dct |
| topic | asymmetric data hiding modulo function DCT <i>PSNR</i> <i>SSIM</i> hiding efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1659 |
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