Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast Cancer
PurposeThis study aims to develop and validate a stigma scale for Chinese patients with breast cancer.MethodsPatients admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, for breast cancer treatment participated in this study. Development of the Breast...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841280/full |
| _version_ | 1818230131962937344 |
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| author | Xiaofan Bu Shuangshuang Li Andy S. K. Cheng Peter H. F. Ng Xianghua Xu Yimin Xia Xiangyu Liu |
| author_facet | Xiaofan Bu Shuangshuang Li Andy S. K. Cheng Peter H. F. Ng Xianghua Xu Yimin Xia Xiangyu Liu |
| author_sort | Xiaofan Bu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeThis study aims to develop and validate a stigma scale for Chinese patients with breast cancer.MethodsPatients admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, for breast cancer treatment participated in this study. Development of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale involved the following procedures: literature review, interview, and applying a theoretical model to generate items; the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale’s content validity was assessed by a Delphi study (n = 15) and feedback from patients with breast cancer (n = 10); exploratory factor analysis (n = 200) was used to assess the construct validity; convergent validity was assessed with the Social Impact Scale (n = 50); internal consistency Cronbach’s α (n = 200), split-half reliability (n = 200), and test–retest reliability (N = 50) were used to identify the reliability of the scale.ResultsThe final version of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale consisted of 15 items and showed positive correlations with the Social Impact Scale (ρ = 0.641, P < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed four components of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: self-image impairment, social isolation, discrimination, and internalized stigma, which were strongly related to our perceived breast cancer stigma model and accounted for 69.443% of the total variance. Cronbach’s α for the total scale was 0.86, and each subscale was 0.75–0.882. The test–retest reliability with intra-class correlation coefficients of the total scale was 0.947 (P < 0.001), and split-half reliability with intra-class correlation coefficients of the total scale was 0.911 (P < 0.001). The content validity index (CVI) was 0.73–1.0.ConclusionThe newly developed Breast Cancer Stigma Scale offers a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the perceived stigma of patients with breast cancer in clinical and research settings. It may be helpful for stigma prevention in China. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78b9c6b231354dd4862a10ce0147998d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:29:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-78b9c6b231354dd4862a10ce0147998d2022-12-22T00:27:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782022-06-011310.3389/fpsyg.2022.841280841280Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast CancerXiaofan Bu0Shuangshuang Li1Andy S. K. Cheng2Peter H. F. Ng3Xianghua Xu4Yimin Xia5Xiangyu Liu6Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Health Service Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Health Service Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Health Service Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaPurposeThis study aims to develop and validate a stigma scale for Chinese patients with breast cancer.MethodsPatients admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, for breast cancer treatment participated in this study. Development of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale involved the following procedures: literature review, interview, and applying a theoretical model to generate items; the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale’s content validity was assessed by a Delphi study (n = 15) and feedback from patients with breast cancer (n = 10); exploratory factor analysis (n = 200) was used to assess the construct validity; convergent validity was assessed with the Social Impact Scale (n = 50); internal consistency Cronbach’s α (n = 200), split-half reliability (n = 200), and test–retest reliability (N = 50) were used to identify the reliability of the scale.ResultsThe final version of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale consisted of 15 items and showed positive correlations with the Social Impact Scale (ρ = 0.641, P < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed four components of the Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: self-image impairment, social isolation, discrimination, and internalized stigma, which were strongly related to our perceived breast cancer stigma model and accounted for 69.443% of the total variance. Cronbach’s α for the total scale was 0.86, and each subscale was 0.75–0.882. The test–retest reliability with intra-class correlation coefficients of the total scale was 0.947 (P < 0.001), and split-half reliability with intra-class correlation coefficients of the total scale was 0.911 (P < 0.001). The content validity index (CVI) was 0.73–1.0.ConclusionThe newly developed Breast Cancer Stigma Scale offers a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the perceived stigma of patients with breast cancer in clinical and research settings. It may be helpful for stigma prevention in China.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841280/fullbreast cancerstigmascaledevelopmentvalidationreliability |
| spellingShingle | Xiaofan Bu Shuangshuang Li Andy S. K. Cheng Peter H. F. Ng Xianghua Xu Yimin Xia Xiangyu Liu Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast Cancer Frontiers in Psychology breast cancer stigma scale development validation reliability |
| title | Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast Cancer |
| title_full | Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast Cancer |
| title_short | Breast Cancer Stigma Scale: A Reliable and Valid Stigma Measure for Patients With Breast Cancer |
| title_sort | breast cancer stigma scale a reliable and valid stigma measure for patients with breast cancer |
| topic | breast cancer stigma scale development validation reliability |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841280/full |
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