Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production
Sunn hemp (SH, <i>Crotalaria juncea</i>, L.) is a tropical multiple-purpose legume. The green manure SH (GMSH) crop might display protein ecology in sustaining ruminants; however, its silage features remain unclear. To efficiently prepare GMSH crop silage, additive treatments consisting...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Fermentation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/3/104 |
| _version_ | 1797471655624179712 |
|---|---|
| author | Chatchai Kaewpila Waroon Khota Pongsatorn Gunun Piyawit Kesorn Thachawech Kimprasit Chaweng Sarnklong Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_facet | Chatchai Kaewpila Waroon Khota Pongsatorn Gunun Piyawit Kesorn Thachawech Kimprasit Chaweng Sarnklong Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_sort | Chatchai Kaewpila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sunn hemp (SH, <i>Crotalaria juncea</i>, L.) is a tropical multiple-purpose legume. The green manure SH (GMSH) crop might display protein ecology in sustaining ruminants; however, its silage features remain unclear. To efficiently prepare GMSH crop silage, additive treatments consisting of control (no additive, CON), molasses (MO), <i>Acremonium</i> cellulase (AC), and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> TH14 strain inoculant (TH14) were implemented using a completely randomized design. Repeated measurements were done after silage (AE conditions) in a small-scale silo system for 120 days and after aerobic instability (AE + AIS conditions). Briefly, ensiling loss and aerobic stability ranged from 150 to 175 g/kg and 8.3 to 104 days, respectively. In AE conditions, the pH ranged from 4.33 to 5.74, and MO or AC was desirable (<i>p</i> < 0.01) for lactic acid fermentation. AC reduced the fiber contents. MO increased soluble non-protein nitrogen by decreasing insoluble nitrogen. TH14 increased the ammonia nitrogen level and in vitro methane production. In AE + AIS conditions, AC led to more air damage to the chemical compositions and reduced digestibility in vitro. The results show that an optimization of additives could effectively modify GMSH crop silage to make it a good protein roughage source; however, more studies are required for effectively feeding ruminants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:52:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78c662dacf0945b9960e22659dce5be5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:52:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-78c662dacf0945b9960e22659dce5be52023-11-24T01:08:25ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372022-02-018310410.3390/fermentation8030104Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane ProductionChatchai Kaewpila0Waroon Khota1Pongsatorn Gunun2Piyawit Kesorn3Thachawech Kimprasit4Chaweng Sarnklong5Anusorn Cherdthong6Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandFaculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandFaculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandFaculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandFaculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandFaculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandFaculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandSunn hemp (SH, <i>Crotalaria juncea</i>, L.) is a tropical multiple-purpose legume. The green manure SH (GMSH) crop might display protein ecology in sustaining ruminants; however, its silage features remain unclear. To efficiently prepare GMSH crop silage, additive treatments consisting of control (no additive, CON), molasses (MO), <i>Acremonium</i> cellulase (AC), and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> TH14 strain inoculant (TH14) were implemented using a completely randomized design. Repeated measurements were done after silage (AE conditions) in a small-scale silo system for 120 days and after aerobic instability (AE + AIS conditions). Briefly, ensiling loss and aerobic stability ranged from 150 to 175 g/kg and 8.3 to 104 days, respectively. In AE conditions, the pH ranged from 4.33 to 5.74, and MO or AC was desirable (<i>p</i> < 0.01) for lactic acid fermentation. AC reduced the fiber contents. MO increased soluble non-protein nitrogen by decreasing insoluble nitrogen. TH14 increased the ammonia nitrogen level and in vitro methane production. In AE + AIS conditions, AC led to more air damage to the chemical compositions and reduced digestibility in vitro. The results show that an optimization of additives could effectively modify GMSH crop silage to make it a good protein roughage source; however, more studies are required for effectively feeding ruminants.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/3/104legume silageprotein sourceprotein croprumen methanogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Chatchai Kaewpila Waroon Khota Pongsatorn Gunun Piyawit Kesorn Thachawech Kimprasit Chaweng Sarnklong Anusorn Cherdthong Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production Fermentation legume silage protein source protein crop rumen methanogenesis |
| title | Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production |
| title_full | Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production |
| title_short | Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production |
| title_sort | characterization of green manure sunn hemp crop silage prepared with additives aerobic instability nitrogen value and in vitro rumen methane production |
| topic | legume silage protein source protein crop rumen methanogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/3/104 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chatchaikaewpila characterizationofgreenmanuresunnhempcropsilagepreparedwithadditivesaerobicinstabilitynitrogenvalueandinvitrorumenmethaneproduction AT waroonkhota characterizationofgreenmanuresunnhempcropsilagepreparedwithadditivesaerobicinstabilitynitrogenvalueandinvitrorumenmethaneproduction AT pongsatorngunun characterizationofgreenmanuresunnhempcropsilagepreparedwithadditivesaerobicinstabilitynitrogenvalueandinvitrorumenmethaneproduction AT piyawitkesorn characterizationofgreenmanuresunnhempcropsilagepreparedwithadditivesaerobicinstabilitynitrogenvalueandinvitrorumenmethaneproduction AT thachawechkimprasit characterizationofgreenmanuresunnhempcropsilagepreparedwithadditivesaerobicinstabilitynitrogenvalueandinvitrorumenmethaneproduction AT chawengsarnklong characterizationofgreenmanuresunnhempcropsilagepreparedwithadditivesaerobicinstabilitynitrogenvalueandinvitrorumenmethaneproduction AT anusorncherdthong characterizationofgreenmanuresunnhempcropsilagepreparedwithadditivesaerobicinstabilitynitrogenvalueandinvitrorumenmethaneproduction |