Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks
For smooth integration with middleboxes on the Internet, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is favorably considered as a transport-layer protocol for IoT (Internet of Things) networks. In constrained networks, TCP tends to perform well with a small window size. For example, the uIP (micro IP) TCP/I...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4774 |
| _version_ | 1827707885040173056 |
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| author | Chansook Lim |
| author_facet | Chansook Lim |
| author_sort | Chansook Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For smooth integration with middleboxes on the Internet, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is favorably considered as a transport-layer protocol for IoT (Internet of Things) networks. In constrained networks, TCP tends to perform well with a small window size. For example, the uIP (micro IP) TCP/IP stack sets the TCP window size to one segment by default. In such a case, managing the retransmission timer is a primary approach to congestion control. In this paper, we examine the congestion control mechanism of TCP in the uIP stack using grid topology networks. In the preliminary test using the Cooja network simulator, the results show that the original uIP TCP causes lots of retransmissions when a radio duty cycling mechanism such as ContikiMAC is used. One main reason is that, once retransmission is deemed to be necessary, the original uIP TCP sets the retransmission timer based on the fixed RTO (retransmission timeout) before performing a retransmission. Since ContikiMAC may cause large RTT (round-trip time) variations due to the hidden terminal problem, the retransmission timer based on the fixed RTO value may cause lots of retransmissions. To address the problem, we propose a new scheme for managing the retransmission timer which adopts the notion of weak RTT estimation of CoCoA, exponential backoffs with variable limits, and dithering. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme reduces retransmissions while enhancing throughput and fairness when an RDC (radio duty cycling) mechanism is used. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:55:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78c6a606d10f4cf59eada86f418bd071 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:55:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-78c6a606d10f4cf59eada86f418bd0712023-11-20T11:08:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-08-012017477410.3390/s20174774Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT NetworksChansook Lim0Department of Software & Communications Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, KoreaFor smooth integration with middleboxes on the Internet, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is favorably considered as a transport-layer protocol for IoT (Internet of Things) networks. In constrained networks, TCP tends to perform well with a small window size. For example, the uIP (micro IP) TCP/IP stack sets the TCP window size to one segment by default. In such a case, managing the retransmission timer is a primary approach to congestion control. In this paper, we examine the congestion control mechanism of TCP in the uIP stack using grid topology networks. In the preliminary test using the Cooja network simulator, the results show that the original uIP TCP causes lots of retransmissions when a radio duty cycling mechanism such as ContikiMAC is used. One main reason is that, once retransmission is deemed to be necessary, the original uIP TCP sets the retransmission timer based on the fixed RTO (retransmission timeout) before performing a retransmission. Since ContikiMAC may cause large RTT (round-trip time) variations due to the hidden terminal problem, the retransmission timer based on the fixed RTO value may cause lots of retransmissions. To address the problem, we propose a new scheme for managing the retransmission timer which adopts the notion of weak RTT estimation of CoCoA, exponential backoffs with variable limits, and dithering. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme reduces retransmissions while enhancing throughput and fairness when an RDC (radio duty cycling) mechanism is used.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4774TCPIoT networkcongestion controlretransmission timer |
| spellingShingle | Chansook Lim Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks Sensors TCP IoT network congestion control retransmission timer |
| title | Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks |
| title_full | Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks |
| title_fullStr | Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks |
| title_short | Improving Congestion Control of TCP for Constrained IoT Networks |
| title_sort | improving congestion control of tcp for constrained iot networks |
| topic | TCP IoT network congestion control retransmission timer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/17/4774 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chansooklim improvingcongestioncontroloftcpforconstrainediotnetworks |