Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium Toxicity
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals that negatively affects the growth of plants. High solubilization in water leads Cd to enter into plants quite easily, thus decreasing seed germination, photosynthesis, and transpiration. It also shows an antagonistic effect with many of the plants’ nutrients...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/10/1386 |
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| author | Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Muhammad Naeem Subhan Danish Muhammad Jamil Khan Shah Fahad Rahul Datta Martin Brtnicky Antonin Kintl Ghulam Sabir Hussain Mohamed A. El-Esawi |
| author_facet | Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Muhammad Naeem Subhan Danish Muhammad Jamil Khan Shah Fahad Rahul Datta Martin Brtnicky Antonin Kintl Ghulam Sabir Hussain Mohamed A. El-Esawi |
| author_sort | Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals that negatively affects the growth of plants. High solubilization in water leads Cd to enter into plants quite easily, thus decreasing seed germination, photosynthesis, and transpiration. It also shows an antagonistic effect with many of the plants’ nutrients like Mn, Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Nowadays, inoculation of plants with ACC deaminase (ACCD) rhizobacteria to mitigate Cd’s adverse effects has drawn the attention of environmental microbiologists. The rhizobacteria secrete organic compounds that can immobilize Cd in soil. Therefore, this study was accomplished to investigate the effect of ACCD plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the bitter gourd under Cd stress. There were six treatments consisting of two ACCD PGPR (<i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Agrobacterium fabrum</i>) strains and inorganic fertilizers at two levels of Cd, i.e., 2 (Cd2) and 5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> soil (Cd5). The results showed <i>A. fabrum</i> with the recommended NPK fertilizer (RNPKF) significantly increased the vine length (48 and 55%), fresh weight (24 and 22%), and contents of chlorophyll a (79 and 50%), chlorophyll b (30 and 33%) and total chlorophyll (61 and 36%), over control at the two Cd levels i.e., Cd2 and Cd5, respectively. In conclusion, the recommended NPK fertilizer + <i>A. fabrum</i> combination is a very effective treatment with which to immobilize Cd in soil for the improvement of bitter gourd growth. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-78c713aa659c4537af651d4b3c7ea5d12023-11-20T17:30:59ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-10-01910138610.3390/plants9101386Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium ToxicityMuhammad Zafar-ul-Hye0Muhammad Naeem1Subhan Danish2Muhammad Jamil Khan3Shah Fahad4Rahul Datta5Martin Brtnicky6Antonin Kintl7Ghulam Sabir Hussain8Mohamed A. El-Esawi9Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, PakistanHainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaDepartment of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech RepublicAgricultural Research, Ltd., 664 41 Troubsko, Czech RepublicDepartment of Technical Services, Fatima Agri Sales and Services, Multan 60800, PakistanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptCadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals that negatively affects the growth of plants. High solubilization in water leads Cd to enter into plants quite easily, thus decreasing seed germination, photosynthesis, and transpiration. It also shows an antagonistic effect with many of the plants’ nutrients like Mn, Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Nowadays, inoculation of plants with ACC deaminase (ACCD) rhizobacteria to mitigate Cd’s adverse effects has drawn the attention of environmental microbiologists. The rhizobacteria secrete organic compounds that can immobilize Cd in soil. Therefore, this study was accomplished to investigate the effect of ACCD plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the bitter gourd under Cd stress. There were six treatments consisting of two ACCD PGPR (<i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Agrobacterium fabrum</i>) strains and inorganic fertilizers at two levels of Cd, i.e., 2 (Cd2) and 5 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> soil (Cd5). The results showed <i>A. fabrum</i> with the recommended NPK fertilizer (RNPKF) significantly increased the vine length (48 and 55%), fresh weight (24 and 22%), and contents of chlorophyll a (79 and 50%), chlorophyll b (30 and 33%) and total chlorophyll (61 and 36%), over control at the two Cd levels i.e., Cd2 and Cd5, respectively. In conclusion, the recommended NPK fertilizer + <i>A. fabrum</i> combination is a very effective treatment with which to immobilize Cd in soil for the improvement of bitter gourd growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/10/1386heavy metalmineral fertilizers<i>Momordica charantia</i>pigmentsproductivityPGPR |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Muhammad Naeem Subhan Danish Muhammad Jamil Khan Shah Fahad Rahul Datta Martin Brtnicky Antonin Kintl Ghulam Sabir Hussain Mohamed A. El-Esawi Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium Toxicity Plants heavy metal mineral fertilizers <i>Momordica charantia</i> pigments productivity PGPR |
| title | Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium Toxicity |
| title_full | Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium Toxicity |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium Toxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium Toxicity |
| title_short | Effect of Cadmium-Tolerant Rhizobacteria on Growth Attributes and Chlorophyll Contents of Bitter Gourd under Cadmium Toxicity |
| title_sort | effect of cadmium tolerant rhizobacteria on growth attributes and chlorophyll contents of bitter gourd under cadmium toxicity |
| topic | heavy metal mineral fertilizers <i>Momordica charantia</i> pigments productivity PGPR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/10/1386 |
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