Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
BACKGROUND: The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used as a non-human primate model in biomedical research. As establishing baseline thoracic radiography for the cynomolgus monkey is essential, we tested the hypothesis that age and sex may affect the thoracic radiography...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3885584?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818202012419883008 |
|---|---|
| author | Liang Xie Qinming Zhou Shigang Liu Qingyuan Wu Yongjia Ji Lujun Zhang Fan Xu Wei Gong Narayan D Melgiri Peng Xie |
| author_facet | Liang Xie Qinming Zhou Shigang Liu Qingyuan Wu Yongjia Ji Lujun Zhang Fan Xu Wei Gong Narayan D Melgiri Peng Xie |
| author_sort | Liang Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND: The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used as a non-human primate model in biomedical research. As establishing baseline thoracic radiography for the cynomolgus monkey is essential, we tested the hypothesis that age and sex may affect the thoracic radiography parameters of this species. METHODS: Here, 697 healthy cynomolgus monkeys were segregated by sex and age (three age groups: 25-36 months, 37-48 months, 49-60 months). The lung length (LL), maximal interior thoracic depth (TD), maximal interior thoracic breadth (TBr), cardiac silhouette breadth (CBr), cardiothoracic ratio (CR), right and left costophrenic angles (RCA and LCA), and right hilar height ratio (R-HHR) were assessed by chest film. Statistical analysis was applied to examine the effect of age, sex, and age × sex interactions. RESULTS: Significant effects by age were shown for LL, TD, TBr, CBr, and CR. Significant effects by sex were found for TD, TBr, CBr, CR, and R-HHR. Significant effects by age × sex were observed for TD, TBr, CBr, and CR. Both TD and TBr increased with age in both sexes, and both were significantly higher in males than in females in the group aged 49-60 months. CBr increased with age and was significantly higher in males than in females across all age groups. CR declined with age and was significantly higher in males than females across all age groups, and CR was similar or slightly higher relative to those previously found in other non-human primate species. As to the other parameters with no significant sex nor age-related differences, the R-HHR was greater than 1.00, and the angulation of bilateral costophrenic angles were sharp. CONCLUSIONS: The thoracic radiographic parameters for the healthy cynomolgus monkey presented here should prove useful in veterinary practice, research involving non-human primate models of respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, and morphological studies on cynomolgus monkeys. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:02:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78cb01586b0d43b2842fae8f67e5c386 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:02:41Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-78cb01586b0d43b2842fae8f67e5c3862022-12-22T00:40:36ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0191e8459910.1371/journal.pone.0084599Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).Liang XieQinming ZhouShigang LiuQingyuan WuYongjia JiLujun ZhangFan XuWei GongNarayan D MelgiriPeng XieBACKGROUND: The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used as a non-human primate model in biomedical research. As establishing baseline thoracic radiography for the cynomolgus monkey is essential, we tested the hypothesis that age and sex may affect the thoracic radiography parameters of this species. METHODS: Here, 697 healthy cynomolgus monkeys were segregated by sex and age (three age groups: 25-36 months, 37-48 months, 49-60 months). The lung length (LL), maximal interior thoracic depth (TD), maximal interior thoracic breadth (TBr), cardiac silhouette breadth (CBr), cardiothoracic ratio (CR), right and left costophrenic angles (RCA and LCA), and right hilar height ratio (R-HHR) were assessed by chest film. Statistical analysis was applied to examine the effect of age, sex, and age × sex interactions. RESULTS: Significant effects by age were shown for LL, TD, TBr, CBr, and CR. Significant effects by sex were found for TD, TBr, CBr, CR, and R-HHR. Significant effects by age × sex were observed for TD, TBr, CBr, and CR. Both TD and TBr increased with age in both sexes, and both were significantly higher in males than in females in the group aged 49-60 months. CBr increased with age and was significantly higher in males than in females across all age groups. CR declined with age and was significantly higher in males than females across all age groups, and CR was similar or slightly higher relative to those previously found in other non-human primate species. As to the other parameters with no significant sex nor age-related differences, the R-HHR was greater than 1.00, and the angulation of bilateral costophrenic angles were sharp. CONCLUSIONS: The thoracic radiographic parameters for the healthy cynomolgus monkey presented here should prove useful in veterinary practice, research involving non-human primate models of respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, and morphological studies on cynomolgus monkeys.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3885584?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Liang Xie Qinming Zhou Shigang Liu Qingyuan Wu Yongjia Ji Lujun Zhang Fan Xu Wei Gong Narayan D Melgiri Peng Xie Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). PLoS ONE |
| title | Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). |
| title_full | Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). |
| title_fullStr | Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). |
| title_full_unstemmed | Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). |
| title_short | Normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). |
| title_sort | normal thoracic radiographic appearance of the cynomolgus monkey macaca fascicularis |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3885584?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liangxie normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT qinmingzhou normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT shigangliu normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT qingyuanwu normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT yongjiaji normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT lujunzhang normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT fanxu normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT weigong normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT narayandmelgiri normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis AT pengxie normalthoracicradiographicappearanceofthecynomolgusmonkeymacacafascicularis |