Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan
Microplastics (MP) encompass not only plastic products but also paint particles. Marine microdebris, including MP, was retrieved from five sampling stations spanning Nagasaki-Goto island and was classified into six types, primarily consisting of MP (A), Si-based (B), and Cu-based (C) paint particles...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/5/1173 |
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| author | Hisayuki Nakatani Kaito Yamashiro Taishi Uchiyama Suguru Motokucho Anh Thi Ngoc Dao Hee-Jin Kim Mitsuharu Yagi Yusaku Kyozuka |
| author_facet | Hisayuki Nakatani Kaito Yamashiro Taishi Uchiyama Suguru Motokucho Anh Thi Ngoc Dao Hee-Jin Kim Mitsuharu Yagi Yusaku Kyozuka |
| author_sort | Hisayuki Nakatani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microplastics (MP) encompass not only plastic products but also paint particles. Marine microdebris, including MP, was retrieved from five sampling stations spanning Nagasaki-Goto island and was classified into six types, primarily consisting of MP (A), Si-based (B), and Cu-based (C) paint particles. Type-A particles, i.e., MP, were exceedingly small, with 74% of them having a long diameter of 25 µm or less. The vertical distribution of type C, containing cuprous oxide, exhibited no depth dependence, with its dominant size being less than 7 μm. It was considered that the presence of type C was associated with a natural phenomenon of MP loss. To clarify this, polypropylene (PP) samples containing cuprous oxide were prepared, and their accelerated degradation behavior was studied using a novel enhanced degradation method employing a sulfate ion radical as an initiator. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of a copper soap compound in seawater. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the chemical reactions between Cl<sup>−</sup> and cuprous oxide produced Cu<sup>+</sup> ions. The acceleration of degradation induced by the copper soap formed was studied through the changes in the number of PP chain scissions, revealing that the presence of type-C accelerated MP degradation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:23:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78d6373bd396412788e8046f3504f2f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:23:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-78d6373bd396412788e8046f3504f2f92024-03-12T16:51:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-03-01295117310.3390/molecules29051173Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, JapanHisayuki Nakatani0Kaito Yamashiro1Taishi Uchiyama2Suguru Motokucho3Anh Thi Ngoc Dao4Hee-Jin Kim5Mitsuharu Yagi6Yusaku Kyozuka7Polymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanPolymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanPolymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanPolymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanPolymeri Materials Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Engineering Program, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanOrganization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanMicroplastics (MP) encompass not only plastic products but also paint particles. Marine microdebris, including MP, was retrieved from five sampling stations spanning Nagasaki-Goto island and was classified into six types, primarily consisting of MP (A), Si-based (B), and Cu-based (C) paint particles. Type-A particles, i.e., MP, were exceedingly small, with 74% of them having a long diameter of 25 µm or less. The vertical distribution of type C, containing cuprous oxide, exhibited no depth dependence, with its dominant size being less than 7 μm. It was considered that the presence of type C was associated with a natural phenomenon of MP loss. To clarify this, polypropylene (PP) samples containing cuprous oxide were prepared, and their accelerated degradation behavior was studied using a novel enhanced degradation method employing a sulfate ion radical as an initiator. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of a copper soap compound in seawater. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the chemical reactions between Cl<sup>−</sup> and cuprous oxide produced Cu<sup>+</sup> ions. The acceleration of degradation induced by the copper soap formed was studied through the changes in the number of PP chain scissions, revealing that the presence of type-C accelerated MP degradation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/5/1173microplasticsCu-based paintpolypropyleneenhanced degradation |
| spellingShingle | Hisayuki Nakatani Kaito Yamashiro Taishi Uchiyama Suguru Motokucho Anh Thi Ngoc Dao Hee-Jin Kim Mitsuharu Yagi Yusaku Kyozuka Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan Molecules microplastics Cu-based paint polypropylene enhanced degradation |
| title | Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan |
| title_full | Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan |
| title_short | Effect of Copper Antifouling Paint on Marine Degradation of Polypropylene: Uneven Distribution of Microdebris between Nagasaki Port and Goto Island, Japan |
| title_sort | effect of copper antifouling paint on marine degradation of polypropylene uneven distribution of microdebris between nagasaki port and goto island japan |
| topic | microplastics Cu-based paint polypropylene enhanced degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/5/1173 |
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