Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance
Salinity stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses to plants, causing disturbances in physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. The exogenous application of natural metabolites is a useful strategy to reduce the adverse effects of stress on crops. We investigated the effect of f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2346 |
| _version_ | 1827675587481698304 |
|---|---|
| author | Ida Linić Selma Mlinarić Lidija Brkljačić Iva Pavlović Ana Smolko Branka Salopek-Sondi |
| author_facet | Ida Linić Selma Mlinarić Lidija Brkljačić Iva Pavlović Ana Smolko Branka Salopek-Sondi |
| author_sort | Ida Linić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salinity stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses to plants, causing disturbances in physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. The exogenous application of natural metabolites is a useful strategy to reduce the adverse effects of stress on crops. We investigated the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and ferulic acid (FA) (10–100 μM) on short-term salt-stressed (150 mM NaCl, 72 h) Chinese cabbage plants. Subsequently, proline level, photosynthetic performance, phenolic metabolites with special focus on selected phenolic acids (sinapic acid (SiA), FA, SA), flavonoids (quercetin (QUE), kaempferol (KAE)), and antioxidant activity were investigated in salt-stressed and phenolic acid-treated plants compared with the corresponding controls. Salt stress caused a significant increase in SA and proline contents, a decrease in phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and photosynthetic performance, especially due to the impairment of PSI function. SA and FA treatments, with a concentration of 10 μM, had attenuated effects on salt-stressed plants, causing a decrease in proline and SA level, and indicating that the plants suffered less metabolic disturbance. Polyphenolic compounds, especially FA, SiA, KAE, and QUE, were increased in FA and SA treatments in salt-stressed plants. Consequently, antioxidant activities were increased, and photosynthetic performances were improved. FA resulted in a better ameliorative effect on salt stress compared to SA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78d746d03f5e4c4b92b199ff1da7f534 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-78d746d03f5e4c4b92b199ff1da7f5342023-11-23T01:04:08ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-10-011011234610.3390/plants10112346Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic PerformanceIda Linić0Selma Mlinarić1Lidija Brkljačić2Iva Pavlović3Ana Smolko4Branka Salopek-Sondi5Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaSalinity stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses to plants, causing disturbances in physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. The exogenous application of natural metabolites is a useful strategy to reduce the adverse effects of stress on crops. We investigated the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and ferulic acid (FA) (10–100 μM) on short-term salt-stressed (150 mM NaCl, 72 h) Chinese cabbage plants. Subsequently, proline level, photosynthetic performance, phenolic metabolites with special focus on selected phenolic acids (sinapic acid (SiA), FA, SA), flavonoids (quercetin (QUE), kaempferol (KAE)), and antioxidant activity were investigated in salt-stressed and phenolic acid-treated plants compared with the corresponding controls. Salt stress caused a significant increase in SA and proline contents, a decrease in phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and photosynthetic performance, especially due to the impairment of PSI function. SA and FA treatments, with a concentration of 10 μM, had attenuated effects on salt-stressed plants, causing a decrease in proline and SA level, and indicating that the plants suffered less metabolic disturbance. Polyphenolic compounds, especially FA, SiA, KAE, and QUE, were increased in FA and SA treatments in salt-stressed plants. Consequently, antioxidant activities were increased, and photosynthetic performances were improved. FA resulted in a better ameliorative effect on salt stress compared to SA.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2346<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>phenolic compoundsfoliar treatmentphotosynthetic performancesalicylic acidferulic acid |
| spellingShingle | Ida Linić Selma Mlinarić Lidija Brkljačić Iva Pavlović Ana Smolko Branka Salopek-Sondi Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance Plants <i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>pekinensis</i> phenolic compounds foliar treatment photosynthetic performance salicylic acid ferulic acid |
| title | Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance |
| title_full | Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance |
| title_fullStr | Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance |
| title_short | Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance |
| title_sort | ferulic acid and salicylic acid foliar treatments reduce short term salt stress in chinese cabbage by increasing phenolic compounds accumulation and photosynthetic performance |
| topic | <i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>pekinensis</i> phenolic compounds foliar treatment photosynthetic performance salicylic acid ferulic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2346 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT idalinic ferulicacidandsalicylicacidfoliartreatmentsreduceshorttermsaltstressinchinesecabbagebyincreasingphenoliccompoundsaccumulationandphotosyntheticperformance AT selmamlinaric ferulicacidandsalicylicacidfoliartreatmentsreduceshorttermsaltstressinchinesecabbagebyincreasingphenoliccompoundsaccumulationandphotosyntheticperformance AT lidijabrkljacic ferulicacidandsalicylicacidfoliartreatmentsreduceshorttermsaltstressinchinesecabbagebyincreasingphenoliccompoundsaccumulationandphotosyntheticperformance AT ivapavlovic ferulicacidandsalicylicacidfoliartreatmentsreduceshorttermsaltstressinchinesecabbagebyincreasingphenoliccompoundsaccumulationandphotosyntheticperformance AT anasmolko ferulicacidandsalicylicacidfoliartreatmentsreduceshorttermsaltstressinchinesecabbagebyincreasingphenoliccompoundsaccumulationandphotosyntheticperformance AT brankasalopeksondi ferulicacidandsalicylicacidfoliartreatmentsreduceshorttermsaltstressinchinesecabbagebyincreasingphenoliccompoundsaccumulationandphotosyntheticperformance |