Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006
Objective: To examine whether and how sex and age modify the association between accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among American (US) adults. Method: Adults aged ≥20 years old who participated in the mobile center examination during 2003–2006 in the National H...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/8/1059 |
| _version_ | 1797605298199855104 |
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| author | Hanying Li Henry S Lynn Vadim Zipunnikov |
| author_facet | Hanying Li Henry S Lynn Vadim Zipunnikov |
| author_sort | Hanying Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To examine whether and how sex and age modify the association between accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among American (US) adults. Method: Adults aged ≥20 years old who participated in the mobile center examination during 2003–2006 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included for analysis. The total minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was estimated using ActiGraph. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of having MetS at an increasing MVPA time. The modification effects of gender and age on the association between MetS and MVPA time were examined by testing for two-way and three-way interaction terms of MVPA time, sex, and age in the model after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: The prevalence of MetS generally decreased with the MVPA time and was lower in females than in males, although the sex difference varied across age groups. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates, there was a significant sex difference in how an increased MVPA time lowered the odds of MetS. This interactive effect also varied with age. MVPA benefitted young and middle-age populations up until about 65 years old for both sexes, and the protective effect weakened with age. Although the effect of MVPA was stronger for males than females at young ages, the rate at which it attenuated was quicker in males. The OR of MetS between males and females per unit change of MVPA time was 0.73 (95% CI: [0.57, 0.93]) at age = 25 years, compared to OR = 1.00 (95% CI: [0.88, 1.16]) at age = 60 years. Before the age of 50, the gender difference in the protective effect on MetS was larger at low MVPA levels and became smaller at higher MVPA levels. The male advantage was quite stable with an increasing MVPA time for ages 50–60, and no longer significant at older ages. Conclusions: Young and middle-age populations benefitted from MVPA, lowering the risk of MetS for both sexes. A longer MVPA time was associated with a greater decrease in the risk of MetS in young men than in women, but the sex difference reduced with age and was no longer apparent in older populations. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:59:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-78e28753dfe1430b957f556b969a110e2023-11-17T19:25:46ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322023-04-01118105910.3390/healthcare11081059Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006Hanying Li0Henry S Lynn1Vadim Zipunnikov2Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, ChinaDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, ChinaDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAObjective: To examine whether and how sex and age modify the association between accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among American (US) adults. Method: Adults aged ≥20 years old who participated in the mobile center examination during 2003–2006 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included for analysis. The total minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was estimated using ActiGraph. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of having MetS at an increasing MVPA time. The modification effects of gender and age on the association between MetS and MVPA time were examined by testing for two-way and three-way interaction terms of MVPA time, sex, and age in the model after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: The prevalence of MetS generally decreased with the MVPA time and was lower in females than in males, although the sex difference varied across age groups. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates, there was a significant sex difference in how an increased MVPA time lowered the odds of MetS. This interactive effect also varied with age. MVPA benefitted young and middle-age populations up until about 65 years old for both sexes, and the protective effect weakened with age. Although the effect of MVPA was stronger for males than females at young ages, the rate at which it attenuated was quicker in males. The OR of MetS between males and females per unit change of MVPA time was 0.73 (95% CI: [0.57, 0.93]) at age = 25 years, compared to OR = 1.00 (95% CI: [0.88, 1.16]) at age = 60 years. Before the age of 50, the gender difference in the protective effect on MetS was larger at low MVPA levels and became smaller at higher MVPA levels. The male advantage was quite stable with an increasing MVPA time for ages 50–60, and no longer significant at older ages. Conclusions: Young and middle-age populations benefitted from MVPA, lowering the risk of MetS for both sexes. A longer MVPA time was associated with a greater decrease in the risk of MetS in young men than in women, but the sex difference reduced with age and was no longer apparent in older populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/8/1059metabolic syndromephysical activitysexage |
| spellingShingle | Hanying Li Henry S Lynn Vadim Zipunnikov Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006 Healthcare metabolic syndrome physical activity sex age |
| title | Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006 |
| title_full | Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006 |
| title_fullStr | Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006 |
| title_short | Sex and Age Differences in Association between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES 2003–2006 |
| title_sort | sex and age differences in association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome results from nhanes 2003 2006 |
| topic | metabolic syndrome physical activity sex age |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/8/1059 |
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