Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection affects the lives of neonates throughout the globe, causing a high rate of mortality upon hospital admission. Yet, therapeutic options to deal with this pulmonary pathogen are currently limited. Helminth therapy has been well received for its immunomodulat...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/5/1314 |
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| author | Ki-Back Chu Hae-Ahm Lee Hae-Ji Kang Eun-Kyung Moon Fu-Shi Quan |
| author_facet | Ki-Back Chu Hae-Ahm Lee Hae-Ji Kang Eun-Kyung Moon Fu-Shi Quan |
| author_sort | Ki-Back Chu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection affects the lives of neonates throughout the globe, causing a high rate of mortality upon hospital admission. Yet, therapeutic options to deal with this pulmonary pathogen are currently limited. Helminth therapy has been well received for its immunomodulatory role in hosts, which are crucial for mitigating a multitude of diseases. Therefore, in this study, we used the helminth <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> and assessed its capabilities for modulating RSV infection as well as the inflammatory response induced by it in mice. Our results revealed that RSV-specific antibody responses were enhanced by pre-existing <i>T. spiralis</i> infection, which also limited pulmonary viral replication. Diminished lung inflammation, indicated by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell influx was confirmed, as well as through histopathological assessment. We observed that inflammation-associated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancement of activated B cells (NF-κB) and its phosphorylated forms were down-regulated, whereas antioxidant-associated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression was upregulated in mice co-infected with <i>T. spiralis</i> and RSV. Upregulated Nrf2 expression contributed to increased antioxidant enzyme expression, particularly NQO1 which relieved the host of oxidative stress-induced pulmonary inflammation caused by RSV infection. These findings indicate that <i>T. spiralis</i> can mitigate RSV-induced inflammation by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:36:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78e480bdedb442c293ba836a992e4bc2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:36:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-78e480bdedb442c293ba836a992e4bc22023-11-20T01:36:47ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-05-0195131410.3390/cells9051314Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory ResponseKi-Back Chu0Hae-Ahm Lee1Hae-Ji Kang2Eun-Kyung Moon3Fu-Shi Quan4Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaMedical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaMedical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection affects the lives of neonates throughout the globe, causing a high rate of mortality upon hospital admission. Yet, therapeutic options to deal with this pulmonary pathogen are currently limited. Helminth therapy has been well received for its immunomodulatory role in hosts, which are crucial for mitigating a multitude of diseases. Therefore, in this study, we used the helminth <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> and assessed its capabilities for modulating RSV infection as well as the inflammatory response induced by it in mice. Our results revealed that RSV-specific antibody responses were enhanced by pre-existing <i>T. spiralis</i> infection, which also limited pulmonary viral replication. Diminished lung inflammation, indicated by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell influx was confirmed, as well as through histopathological assessment. We observed that inflammation-associated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancement of activated B cells (NF-κB) and its phosphorylated forms were down-regulated, whereas antioxidant-associated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression was upregulated in mice co-infected with <i>T. spiralis</i> and RSV. Upregulated Nrf2 expression contributed to increased antioxidant enzyme expression, particularly NQO1 which relieved the host of oxidative stress-induced pulmonary inflammation caused by RSV infection. These findings indicate that <i>T. spiralis</i> can mitigate RSV-induced inflammation by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/5/1314respiratory syncytial virus<i>Trichinella spiralis</i>antioxidant responseinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Ki-Back Chu Hae-Ahm Lee Hae-Ji Kang Eun-Kyung Moon Fu-Shi Quan Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response Cells respiratory syncytial virus <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> antioxidant response inflammation |
| title | Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response |
| title_full | Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response |
| title_short | Preliminary <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> Infection Ameliorates Subsequent RSV Infection-Induced Inflammatory Response |
| title_sort | preliminary i trichinella spiralis i infection ameliorates subsequent rsv infection induced inflammatory response |
| topic | respiratory syncytial virus <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> antioxidant response inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/5/1314 |
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