Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from space
<p><span id="page2466"/>Nitrogen oxides (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub>≡</span> NO <span class="inline-formula">+</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub&g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/2465/2023/acp-23-2465-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797900430530838528 |
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| author | L. H. Yang D. J. Jacob D. J. Jacob N. K. Colombi S. Zhai K. H. Bates K. H. Bates V. Shah V. Shah E. Beaudry R. M. Yantosca H. Lin J. F. Brewer H. Chong K. R. Travis J. H. Crawford L. N. Lamsal L. N. Lamsal J.-H. Koo J. Kim |
| author_facet | L. H. Yang D. J. Jacob D. J. Jacob N. K. Colombi S. Zhai K. H. Bates K. H. Bates V. Shah V. Shah E. Beaudry R. M. Yantosca H. Lin J. F. Brewer H. Chong K. R. Travis J. H. Crawford L. N. Lamsal L. N. Lamsal J.-H. Koo J. Kim |
| author_sort | L. H. Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p><span id="page2466"/>Nitrogen oxides (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub>≡</span> NO <span class="inline-formula">+</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) are of central importance for air quality, climate forcing, and nitrogen deposition
to ecosystems. The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)
is now providing hourly NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> satellite observations over East Asia,
offering the first direct measurements of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> diurnal variation from
space to guide understanding of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions and chemistry. The
NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> retrieval requires independent vertical profile information from a
chemical transport model (CTM) to compute the air mass factor (AMF) that
relates the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> column measured along the line of sight to the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>
vertical column. Here, we use aircraft observations from the Korea-United
States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign over the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) and around the Korean Peninsula in May–June 2016 to better understand the factors controlling the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profile, its diurnal
variation, the implications for the AMFs, and the ability of the GEOS-Chem CTM to compute the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profiles used for AMFs. Proper representation of oxidant chemistry is critical for the CTM simulation of
NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profiles and is achieved in GEOS-Chem through new model
developments, including aerosol nitrate photolysis, reduced uptake of hydroperoxy (HO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) radicals by aerosols, and accounting for atmospheric
oxidation of volatile chemical products (VCPs). We find that the
tropospheric NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> columns measured from space in the SMA are mainly
contributed by the planetary boundary layer (PBL) below 2 km altitude,
reflecting the highly polluted conditions. Repeated measurements of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>
vertical profiles over the SMA at different times of day show that diurnal
change in mixing depth affecting the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profile induces a
diurnal variation in AMFs of comparable magnitude to the diurnal variation in the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> column. GEOS-Chem captures this diurnal variation in AMFs and
more generally the variability in the AMFs for the KORUS-AQ NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profiles (2.7 % mean bias, 7.6 % precision), with some outliers in the
morning due to errors in the timing of mixed-layer growth.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T08:45:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78ec8ac36d044cfd9ff897908012878f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T08:45:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-78ec8ac36d044cfd9ff897908012878f2023-02-22T08:41:10ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-02-01232465248110.5194/acp-23-2465-2023Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from spaceL. H. Yang0D. J. Jacob1D. J. Jacob2N. K. Colombi3S. Zhai4K. H. Bates5K. H. Bates6V. Shah7V. Shah8E. Beaudry9R. M. Yantosca10H. Lin11J. F. Brewer12H. Chong13K. R. Travis14J. H. Crawford15L. N. Lamsal16L. N. Lamsal17J.-H. Koo18J. Kim19John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USADepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 01238, USAJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USAGlobal Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USAJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USANASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USAAtmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAGoddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR) II, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South KoreaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea<p><span id="page2466"/>Nitrogen oxides (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub>≡</span> NO <span class="inline-formula">+</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) are of central importance for air quality, climate forcing, and nitrogen deposition to ecosystems. The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is now providing hourly NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> satellite observations over East Asia, offering the first direct measurements of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> diurnal variation from space to guide understanding of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> emissions and chemistry. The NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> retrieval requires independent vertical profile information from a chemical transport model (CTM) to compute the air mass factor (AMF) that relates the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> column measured along the line of sight to the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical column. Here, we use aircraft observations from the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign over the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) and around the Korean Peninsula in May–June 2016 to better understand the factors controlling the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profile, its diurnal variation, the implications for the AMFs, and the ability of the GEOS-Chem CTM to compute the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profiles used for AMFs. Proper representation of oxidant chemistry is critical for the CTM simulation of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profiles and is achieved in GEOS-Chem through new model developments, including aerosol nitrate photolysis, reduced uptake of hydroperoxy (HO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) radicals by aerosols, and accounting for atmospheric oxidation of volatile chemical products (VCPs). We find that the tropospheric NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> columns measured from space in the SMA are mainly contributed by the planetary boundary layer (PBL) below 2 km altitude, reflecting the highly polluted conditions. Repeated measurements of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profiles over the SMA at different times of day show that diurnal change in mixing depth affecting the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profile induces a diurnal variation in AMFs of comparable magnitude to the diurnal variation in the NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> column. GEOS-Chem captures this diurnal variation in AMFs and more generally the variability in the AMFs for the KORUS-AQ NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> vertical profiles (2.7 % mean bias, 7.6 % precision), with some outliers in the morning due to errors in the timing of mixed-layer growth.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/2465/2023/acp-23-2465-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. H. Yang D. J. Jacob D. J. Jacob N. K. Colombi S. Zhai K. H. Bates K. H. Bates V. Shah V. Shah E. Beaudry R. M. Yantosca H. Lin J. F. Brewer H. Chong K. R. Travis J. H. Crawford L. N. Lamsal L. N. Lamsal J.-H. Koo J. Kim Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from space Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from space |
| title_full | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from space |
| title_fullStr | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from space |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from space |
| title_short | Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation from space |
| title_sort | tropospheric no sub 2 sub vertical profiles over south korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of no sub 2 sub diurnal variation from space |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/2465/2023/acp-23-2465-2023.pdf |
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