Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role in the regulation of innate immunity, and several studies have shown their importance in bacterial, viral, and fungal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.756315/full |
| _version_ | 1819114461872521216 |
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| author | Mariya Farooq Maria Batool Maria Batool Moon Suk Kim Sangdun Choi Sangdun Choi |
| author_facet | Mariya Farooq Maria Batool Maria Batool Moon Suk Kim Sangdun Choi Sangdun Choi |
| author_sort | Mariya Farooq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role in the regulation of innate immunity, and several studies have shown their importance in bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The consensus view from an immunological perspective is that TLR agonists can serve either as a possible therapeutic agent or as a vaccine adjuvant toward cancers or infectious diseases and that TLR inhibitors may be a promising approach to the treatment of autoimmune diseases, some cancers, bacterial, and viral infections. These notions are based on the fact that TLR agonists stimulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and in general, the development of proinflammatory responses. Some of the TLR-based inhibitory agents have shown to be efficacious in preclinical models and have now entered clinical trials. Therefore, TLRs seem to hold the potential to serve as a perfect target in the era of immunotherapies. We offer a perspective on TLR-based therapeutics that sheds light on their usefulness and on combination therapies. We also highlight various therapeutics that are in the discovery phase or in clinical trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:45:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-78f0ffe21b544d7da46a82c720a82aca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:45:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-78f0ffe21b544d7da46a82c720a82aca2022-12-21T18:38:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-10-01910.3389/fcell.2021.756315756315Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of ImmunotherapiesMariya Farooq0Maria Batool1Maria Batool2Moon Suk Kim3Sangdun Choi4Sangdun Choi5Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South KoreaDepartment of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South KoreaS&K Therapeutics, Suwon, South KoreaDepartment of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South KoreaDepartment of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South KoreaS&K Therapeutics, Suwon, South KoreaToll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role in the regulation of innate immunity, and several studies have shown their importance in bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The consensus view from an immunological perspective is that TLR agonists can serve either as a possible therapeutic agent or as a vaccine adjuvant toward cancers or infectious diseases and that TLR inhibitors may be a promising approach to the treatment of autoimmune diseases, some cancers, bacterial, and viral infections. These notions are based on the fact that TLR agonists stimulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and in general, the development of proinflammatory responses. Some of the TLR-based inhibitory agents have shown to be efficacious in preclinical models and have now entered clinical trials. Therefore, TLRs seem to hold the potential to serve as a perfect target in the era of immunotherapies. We offer a perspective on TLR-based therapeutics that sheds light on their usefulness and on combination therapies. We also highlight various therapeutics that are in the discovery phase or in clinical trials.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.756315/fullToll-like receptorTLR-based immunotherapiescancerSARS-CoV-2infectionautoimmune disorder |
| spellingShingle | Mariya Farooq Maria Batool Maria Batool Moon Suk Kim Sangdun Choi Sangdun Choi Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Toll-like receptor TLR-based immunotherapies cancer SARS-CoV-2 infection autoimmune disorder |
| title | Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies |
| title_full | Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies |
| title_fullStr | Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies |
| title_short | Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies |
| title_sort | toll like receptors as a therapeutic target in the era of immunotherapies |
| topic | Toll-like receptor TLR-based immunotherapies cancer SARS-CoV-2 infection autoimmune disorder |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.756315/full |
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