Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i>
Japanese giant silkworm (JGS), <i>Caligula japonica</i> Moore, is an emerging defoliator pest of forest and fruit trees in East Asia, causing severe economic losses. To develop a cost-effective biological control program against JGS, we used eggs of the Chinese oak silkworm (COS) <i&g...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/4/349 |
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| author | Xiao-Yan Wei Yong-Ming Chen Xingeng Wang Rui-E Lv Lian-Sheng Zang |
| author_facet | Xiao-Yan Wei Yong-Ming Chen Xingeng Wang Rui-E Lv Lian-Sheng Zang |
| author_sort | Xiao-Yan Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Japanese giant silkworm (JGS), <i>Caligula japonica</i> Moore, is an emerging defoliator pest of forest and fruit trees in East Asia, causing severe economic losses. To develop a cost-effective biological control program against JGS, we used eggs of the Chinese oak silkworm (COS) <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> Guérin-Méneville as an alternative host to rear the most dominant JGS egg parasitoid <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Ashmead. We compared the demographic parameters and total parasitism (killing) rates of <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing JGS and COS eggs using an age-stage, two-sex life table method. The results showed that <i>A. japonicus</i> performed differently on these two different hosts. <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> reared from COS eggs had a higher fecundity (369.7 eggs per female) and a longer oviposition period (35.9 days) on the COS than JGS eggs (180.9 eggs; 24.0 days). Consequently, <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing COS eggs had a higher intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i> = 0.1466 d<sup>−1</sup>), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.1579 d<sup>−1</sup>) and net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 284.9 offspring) than those parasitizing JGS eggs (<i>r</i> = 0.1419 d<sup>−1</sup>, λ = 1.1525 d<sup>−1</sup>, <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 150.0 offspring). The total net parasitism rate (the number of parasitized hosts in which the parasitoids successfully developed) of <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing COS eggs was 284.9, significantly higher than that of <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing JGS eggs (150.0), while the net non-effective parasitism rate (the number of parasitized hosts in which the parasitoids failed to develop) of the former (0.0) was significantly lower than that of the latter (9.6). These results suggest that <i>A. japonicus</i> can be efficiently reared on the alternative (or factitious) COS eggs, and the reared parasitoids have a high biological control potential against the target JGS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:33:06Z |
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| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:33:06Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-78ff90d9dc1d410baea12885beb58a162023-12-01T21:05:48ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-03-0113434910.3390/insects13040349Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i>Xiao-Yan Wei0Yong-Ming Chen1Xingeng Wang2Rui-E Lv3Lian-Sheng Zang4Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaInstitute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, USAInstitute of Walnut, Longnan Economic Forest Research Institute, Longnan 746000, ChinaInstitute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaJapanese giant silkworm (JGS), <i>Caligula japonica</i> Moore, is an emerging defoliator pest of forest and fruit trees in East Asia, causing severe economic losses. To develop a cost-effective biological control program against JGS, we used eggs of the Chinese oak silkworm (COS) <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> Guérin-Méneville as an alternative host to rear the most dominant JGS egg parasitoid <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Ashmead. We compared the demographic parameters and total parasitism (killing) rates of <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing JGS and COS eggs using an age-stage, two-sex life table method. The results showed that <i>A. japonicus</i> performed differently on these two different hosts. <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> reared from COS eggs had a higher fecundity (369.7 eggs per female) and a longer oviposition period (35.9 days) on the COS than JGS eggs (180.9 eggs; 24.0 days). Consequently, <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing COS eggs had a higher intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i> = 0.1466 d<sup>−1</sup>), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.1579 d<sup>−1</sup>) and net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 284.9 offspring) than those parasitizing JGS eggs (<i>r</i> = 0.1419 d<sup>−1</sup>, λ = 1.1525 d<sup>−1</sup>, <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 150.0 offspring). The total net parasitism rate (the number of parasitized hosts in which the parasitoids successfully developed) of <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing COS eggs was 284.9, significantly higher than that of <i>A. japonicus</i> parasitizing JGS eggs (150.0), while the net non-effective parasitism rate (the number of parasitized hosts in which the parasitoids failed to develop) of the former (0.0) was significantly lower than that of the latter (9.6). These results suggest that <i>A. japonicus</i> can be efficiently reared on the alternative (or factitious) COS eggs, and the reared parasitoids have a high biological control potential against the target JGS.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/4/349biological control<i>Anastatus japonicus</i><i>Caligula japonica</i><i>Antheraea pernyi</i>two-sex life tablemass rearing |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Yan Wei Yong-Ming Chen Xingeng Wang Rui-E Lv Lian-Sheng Zang Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i> Insects biological control <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> <i>Caligula japonica</i> <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> two-sex life table mass rearing |
| title | Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i> |
| title_full | Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i> |
| title_fullStr | Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i> |
| title_short | Demography and Fitness of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Reared from <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> as a Biological Control Agent of <i>Caligula japonica</i> |
| title_sort | demography and fitness of i anastatus japonicus i reared from i antheraea pernyi i as a biological control agent of i caligula japonica i |
| topic | biological control <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> <i>Caligula japonica</i> <i>Antheraea pernyi</i> two-sex life table mass rearing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/4/349 |
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