| Summary: | Radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) is an important root vegetable crop that is easily infected by various pathogens that result in decreased yield and quality. Nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes play vital roles in resisting pathogen infection in plants. However, the genome-wide characterization and functional roles of NBS-LRR genes remain largely unexplored in radish. Here, a total of 187 <i>RsNBS-LRR</i> genes were identified at the whole-genome level in radish, among which 80 <i>RsNBS-LRR</i> genes were unevenly distributed on nine radish chromosomes. Interestingly, 15 clusters containing 36 <i>RsNBS-LRR</i> genes occurred in eight chromosomes. RNA-Seq data showed that several <i>RsNBS-LRR</i> genes exhibited significant differential expression profiles in different radish tissues. Moreover, a range of <i>cis</i>-acting regulatory elements associated with ABA, MeJA, or SA were identified in the promoter region of some <i>RsNBS-LRR</i> genes. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of a few <i>RsNBS-LRR</i> genes (e.g., <i>RsNBS021</i> and <i>RsNBS163</i>) was significantly induced under <i>Peronospora parasitica</i> infection and/or ABA treatment, indicating that they might play critical roles in ABA-dependent defense resistance processes. These results could enhance our understanding of the evolutionary relationship of <i>RsNBS-LRR</i> genes and facilitate the genetic manipulation of disease resistance in radish breeding programs.
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