Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold
<b> </b>Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an excellent bone scaffold material, but is available in only limited sizes. An additive manufacturing (AM) method that retains these properties while enabling customized geometry fabrication would provide bone scaffolds for a larger range of ge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/4/1/7 |
| _version_ | 1818156725862137856 |
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| author | Mohsen Ziaee Ayesha Mahmood Nathan B. Crane |
| author_facet | Mohsen Ziaee Ayesha Mahmood Nathan B. Crane |
| author_sort | Mohsen Ziaee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b> </b>Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an excellent bone scaffold material, but is available in only limited sizes. An additive manufacturing (AM) method that retains these properties while enabling customized geometry fabrication would provide bone scaffolds for a larger range of geometries while maintaining the benefits of DBM. This work examines laser sintering (LS) of a blend of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and polycaprolactone (PCL) using a CO<sub>2</sub> laser beam. A comprehensive experimental study was carried out to find the conditions that form defect-free layers while still retaining the favorable biological features of DBM. The results identify a process setting window over which LS can be utilized to constructing complex patient-specific scaffolds. With the identified setting, first, the DBM/PCL blend was fused in the LS machine. Parts were then were further strengthened through a post-processing heat treatment. The shrinkage level, skeletal density, mechanical testing, and porosimetry of the resultant samples were compared to traditional machined DBM blocks. The maximum tensile strength of the samples and post-processing shrinkage depends on heat treatment duration. The tensile strength measurements demonstrate that the post-processing conditions can be tuned to achieve the tensile strength of the demineralized bone strips. Evaluation of the dimensional change suggests that the shrinkage along the laser paths is ~0.3% while thickness shrinks the most (up to ~20%). The porosimetry and density studies showed that the final part achieved over 40% porosity with a density comparable to blocks of DBM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T15:02:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79229f10d0804a758c727a7102efeba5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-4494 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T15:02:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
| spelling | doaj.art-79229f10d0804a758c727a7102efeba52022-12-22T01:01:03ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942020-01-0141710.3390/jmmp4010007jmmp4010007Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue ScaffoldMohsen Ziaee0Ayesha Mahmood1Nathan B. Crane2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USALifeLink Foundation, 9661 Delaney Creek Blvd, Tampa, FL 33619, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA<b> </b>Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an excellent bone scaffold material, but is available in only limited sizes. An additive manufacturing (AM) method that retains these properties while enabling customized geometry fabrication would provide bone scaffolds for a larger range of geometries while maintaining the benefits of DBM. This work examines laser sintering (LS) of a blend of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and polycaprolactone (PCL) using a CO<sub>2</sub> laser beam. A comprehensive experimental study was carried out to find the conditions that form defect-free layers while still retaining the favorable biological features of DBM. The results identify a process setting window over which LS can be utilized to constructing complex patient-specific scaffolds. With the identified setting, first, the DBM/PCL blend was fused in the LS machine. Parts were then were further strengthened through a post-processing heat treatment. The shrinkage level, skeletal density, mechanical testing, and porosimetry of the resultant samples were compared to traditional machined DBM blocks. The maximum tensile strength of the samples and post-processing shrinkage depends on heat treatment duration. The tensile strength measurements demonstrate that the post-processing conditions can be tuned to achieve the tensile strength of the demineralized bone strips. Evaluation of the dimensional change suggests that the shrinkage along the laser paths is ~0.3% while thickness shrinks the most (up to ~20%). The porosimetry and density studies showed that the final part achieved over 40% porosity with a density comparable to blocks of DBM.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/4/1/7additive manufacturinglaser sinteringdemineralized bone matrixpolycaprolactoneoptimizationtensile strengthshrinkageporosity |
| spellingShingle | Mohsen Ziaee Ayesha Mahmood Nathan B. Crane Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing additive manufacturing laser sintering demineralized bone matrix polycaprolactone optimization tensile strength shrinkage porosity |
| title | Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold |
| title_full | Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold |
| title_short | Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold |
| title_sort | optimization of laser sintering for demineralized bone polycaprolactone composite powder for bone tissue scaffold |
| topic | additive manufacturing laser sintering demineralized bone matrix polycaprolactone optimization tensile strength shrinkage porosity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/4/1/7 |
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