Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and Humans
Background: The use of encapsulated cells for the in vivo delivery of biotherapeutics is a promising new technology to potentiate the effectiveness of cell-based therapies for veterinary and human application. One use of the technology is to locally activate chemotherapeutics to their short-lived hi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/12/2357 |
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| author | Brian Salmons Walter H. Gunzburg |
| author_facet | Brian Salmons Walter H. Gunzburg |
| author_sort | Brian Salmons |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The use of encapsulated cells for the in vivo delivery of biotherapeutics is a promising new technology to potentiate the effectiveness of cell-based therapies for veterinary and human application. One use of the technology is to locally activate chemotherapeutics to their short-lived highly active forms. We have previously shown that a stable clone of HEK293 cells overexpressing a cytochrome P450 enzyme that has been encapsulated in immunoprotective cellulose sulphate beads can be implanted near solid tumours in order to activate oxazaphosphorines such as ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide to the tumour-killing metabolite phosphoramide mustard. The efficacy of this approach has been shown in animal models as well as in human and canine clinical trials. In these previous studies, the oxazaphosphorine was only given twice. An analysis of the Kaplan–Meier plots of the results of the clinical trials suggest that repeated dosing might result in a significant clinical benefit. Aims: In this study, we aimed to (i) demonstrate the stable long-term expression of cytochrome P450 from a characterized, transfected cell clone, as well as (ii) demonstrate that one implanted dose of these encapsulated cytochrome P450-expressing cells is capable of activating multiple doses of ifosfamide in animal models. Methodology: We initially used cell and molecular methods to show cell line stability over multiple passages, as well as chemical and biological function in vitro. This was followed by a demonstration that encapsulated HEK293 cells are capable of activating multiple doses of ifosfamide in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer without being killed by the chemotherapeutic. Conclusion: A single injection of encapsulated HEK293 cells followed by multiple rounds of ifosfamide administration results in repeated anti-tumour activity and halts tumour growth but, in the absence of a functioning immune system, does not cause tumour regression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:35:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7935943e52b54f96a4e1d082563c468e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:35:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-7935943e52b54f96a4e1d082563c468e2023-12-22T14:21:25ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-12-011312235710.3390/life13122357Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and HumansBrian Salmons0Walter H. Gunzburg1Austrianova Singapore Pte Ltd., 2 International Business Park, The Strategy @ IBP #09-04, Singapore 609930, SingaporeInstitute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaBackground: The use of encapsulated cells for the in vivo delivery of biotherapeutics is a promising new technology to potentiate the effectiveness of cell-based therapies for veterinary and human application. One use of the technology is to locally activate chemotherapeutics to their short-lived highly active forms. We have previously shown that a stable clone of HEK293 cells overexpressing a cytochrome P450 enzyme that has been encapsulated in immunoprotective cellulose sulphate beads can be implanted near solid tumours in order to activate oxazaphosphorines such as ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide to the tumour-killing metabolite phosphoramide mustard. The efficacy of this approach has been shown in animal models as well as in human and canine clinical trials. In these previous studies, the oxazaphosphorine was only given twice. An analysis of the Kaplan–Meier plots of the results of the clinical trials suggest that repeated dosing might result in a significant clinical benefit. Aims: In this study, we aimed to (i) demonstrate the stable long-term expression of cytochrome P450 from a characterized, transfected cell clone, as well as (ii) demonstrate that one implanted dose of these encapsulated cytochrome P450-expressing cells is capable of activating multiple doses of ifosfamide in animal models. Methodology: We initially used cell and molecular methods to show cell line stability over multiple passages, as well as chemical and biological function in vitro. This was followed by a demonstration that encapsulated HEK293 cells are capable of activating multiple doses of ifosfamide in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer without being killed by the chemotherapeutic. Conclusion: A single injection of encapsulated HEK293 cells followed by multiple rounds of ifosfamide administration results in repeated anti-tumour activity and halts tumour growth but, in the absence of a functioning immune system, does not cause tumour regression.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/12/2357cell therapyencapsulated cellsGDEPTmetronomictumour therapypancreatic cancer |
| spellingShingle | Brian Salmons Walter H. Gunzburg Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and Humans Life cell therapy encapsulated cells GDEPT metronomic tumour therapy pancreatic cancer |
| title | Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and Humans |
| title_full | Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and Humans |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and Humans |
| title_short | Long-Term Survival of Cellulose Sulphate-Encapsulated Cells and Metronomic Ifosfamide Control Tumour Growth in Pancreatic Cancer Models—A Prelude to Treating Solid Tumours Effectively in Pets and Humans |
| title_sort | long term survival of cellulose sulphate encapsulated cells and metronomic ifosfamide control tumour growth in pancreatic cancer models a prelude to treating solid tumours effectively in pets and humans |
| topic | cell therapy encapsulated cells GDEPT metronomic tumour therapy pancreatic cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/12/2357 |
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