Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts
MXenes are a new family of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. They are inorganic compounds of metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub&...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8463 |
| _version_ | 1797572331926716416 |
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| author | Shreyas Srivatsa Paul Sieber Céline Hofer André Robert Siddhesh Raorane Marianna Marciszko-Wiąckowska Krzysztof Grabowski M. M. Nayak Eleni Chatzi Tadeusz Uhl |
| author_facet | Shreyas Srivatsa Paul Sieber Céline Hofer André Robert Siddhesh Raorane Marianna Marciszko-Wiąckowska Krzysztof Grabowski M. M. Nayak Eleni Chatzi Tadeusz Uhl |
| author_sort | Shreyas Srivatsa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | MXenes are a new family of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. They are inorganic compounds of metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene) was the first 2D nanomaterial reported in the MXene family in 2011. Owing to the good physical properties of Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXenes (e.g., conductivity, hydrophilicity, film-forming ability, elasticity) various applications in wearable sensors, energy harvesters, supercapacitors, electronic devices, etc., have been demonstrated. This paper presents the development of a piezoresistive Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor followed by experimental investigations of its dynamic response behavior when subjected to structural impacts. For the experimental investigations, an inclined ball impact test setup is constructed. Stainless steel balls of different masses and radii are used to apply repeatable impacts on a vertical cantilever plate. The Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor is attached to this cantilever plate along with a commercial piezoceramic sensor, and their responses for the structural impacts are compared. It is observed from the experiments that the average response times of the Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor and piezoceramic sensor are <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.28</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.24</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>s and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>31.19</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>24.61</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>s, respectively. The fast response time of the Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor makes it a promising candidate for monitoring structural impacts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:54:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7935fc80e1934f5ab41450b86d042017 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:54:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7935fc80e1934f5ab41450b86d0420172023-11-19T18:03:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-10-012320846310.3390/s23208463Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural ImpactsShreyas Srivatsa0Paul Sieber1Céline Hofer2André Robert3Siddhesh Raorane4Marianna Marciszko-Wiąckowska5Krzysztof Grabowski6M. M. Nayak7Eleni Chatzi8Tadeusz Uhl9Space Technology Centre, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandAcademic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandAcademic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandCentre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, IndiaDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandSpace Technology Centre, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandMXenes are a new family of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. They are inorganic compounds of metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene) was the first 2D nanomaterial reported in the MXene family in 2011. Owing to the good physical properties of Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXenes (e.g., conductivity, hydrophilicity, film-forming ability, elasticity) various applications in wearable sensors, energy harvesters, supercapacitors, electronic devices, etc., have been demonstrated. This paper presents the development of a piezoresistive Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor followed by experimental investigations of its dynamic response behavior when subjected to structural impacts. For the experimental investigations, an inclined ball impact test setup is constructed. Stainless steel balls of different masses and radii are used to apply repeatable impacts on a vertical cantilever plate. The Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor is attached to this cantilever plate along with a commercial piezoceramic sensor, and their responses for the structural impacts are compared. It is observed from the experiments that the average response times of the Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor and piezoceramic sensor are <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.28</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.24</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>s and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>31.19</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>24.61</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>s, respectively. The fast response time of the Ti<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-MXene sensor makes it a promising candidate for monitoring structural impacts.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/84632D nanomaterialsMXenesimpact sensorspiezoresistivestructural health monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Shreyas Srivatsa Paul Sieber Céline Hofer André Robert Siddhesh Raorane Marianna Marciszko-Wiąckowska Krzysztof Grabowski M. M. Nayak Eleni Chatzi Tadeusz Uhl Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts Sensors 2D nanomaterials MXenes impact sensors piezoresistive structural health monitoring |
| title | Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts |
| title_full | Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts |
| title_short | Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts |
| title_sort | dynamic response study of piezoresistive ti sub 3 sub c sub 2 sub mxene sensor for structural impacts |
| topic | 2D nanomaterials MXenes impact sensors piezoresistive structural health monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8463 |
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