Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions
Three novel Ir(III) complexes, (ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir1</b>) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), (F<sub>4</sub>ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir2</b>) (F<sub>4</sub>ppy = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine), and (F<sub>2,4,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8506 |
| _version_ | 1797462588988063744 |
|---|---|
| author | Xi Chu Yichuan Huang Wenhao Li Shisheng Zhao Hongyan Li Aidang Lu |
| author_facet | Xi Chu Yichuan Huang Wenhao Li Shisheng Zhao Hongyan Li Aidang Lu |
| author_sort | Xi Chu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three novel Ir(III) complexes, (ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir1</b>) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), (F<sub>4</sub>ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir2</b>) (F<sub>4</sub>ppy = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine), and (F<sub>2,4,5</sub>ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir3</b>) (F<sub>2,4,5</sub>ppy = 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyridine), based on simple L-alanine as ancillary ligands were synthesized and investigated. Due to the introduction of fluorine substituents on the cyclometalated ligands, complexes <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> exhibited yellow to sky-blue emissions (<i>λ</i><sub>em</sub> = 464–509 nm) in acetonitrile solution. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> ranged from 0.48–0.69, of which <b>Ir3</b> with sky-blue luminescence had the highest PLQY of 0.69. The electrochemical study and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMOs) energy of <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> are stabilized by the introduction of fluorine substituents on the cyclometalated ligands, while L-alanine ancillary ligand has little contribution to HOMOs and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). Moreover, <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> presented an excellent response to Cu<sup>2+</sup> with a high selectivity, strong anti-interference ability, and short response time. Such a detection was based on significant phosphorescence quenching of their emissions, showing the potential application in chemosensors for Cu<sup>2+</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:38:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-794050732925424f903478b99722ead8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:38:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-794050732925424f903478b99722ead82023-11-24T11:43:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-12-012723850610.3390/molecules27238506Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) IonsXi Chu0Yichuan Huang1Wenhao Li2Shisheng Zhao3Hongyan Li4Aidang Lu5School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, ChinaThree novel Ir(III) complexes, (ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir1</b>) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), (F<sub>4</sub>ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir2</b>) (F<sub>4</sub>ppy = 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine), and (F<sub>2,4,5</sub>ppy)<sub>2</sub>Ir(L-alanine) (<b>Ir3</b>) (F<sub>2,4,5</sub>ppy = 2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)pyridine), based on simple L-alanine as ancillary ligands were synthesized and investigated. Due to the introduction of fluorine substituents on the cyclometalated ligands, complexes <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> exhibited yellow to sky-blue emissions (<i>λ</i><sub>em</sub> = 464–509 nm) in acetonitrile solution. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> ranged from 0.48–0.69, of which <b>Ir3</b> with sky-blue luminescence had the highest PLQY of 0.69. The electrochemical study and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMOs) energy of <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> are stabilized by the introduction of fluorine substituents on the cyclometalated ligands, while L-alanine ancillary ligand has little contribution to HOMOs and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). Moreover, <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> presented an excellent response to Cu<sup>2+</sup> with a high selectivity, strong anti-interference ability, and short response time. Such a detection was based on significant phosphorescence quenching of their emissions, showing the potential application in chemosensors for Cu<sup>2+</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8506Ir(III) complexesL-alaninesensing copper ionsfluorine-substituted cyclometalated ligands |
| spellingShingle | Xi Chu Yichuan Huang Wenhao Li Shisheng Zhao Hongyan Li Aidang Lu Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions Molecules Ir(III) complexes L-alanine sensing copper ions fluorine-substituted cyclometalated ligands |
| title | Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions |
| title_full | Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions |
| title_fullStr | Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions |
| title_short | Multicolor Emissive Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Containing L-Alanine Ligands: Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties, DFT Calculations, and Selective Recognition of Cu(II) Ions |
| title_sort | multicolor emissive phosphorescent iridium iii complexes containing l alanine ligands photophysical and electrochemical properties dft calculations and selective recognition of cu ii ions |
| topic | Ir(III) complexes L-alanine sensing copper ions fluorine-substituted cyclometalated ligands |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8506 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xichu multicoloremissivephosphorescentiridiumiiicomplexescontaininglalanineligandsphotophysicalandelectrochemicalpropertiesdftcalculationsandselectiverecognitionofcuiiions AT yichuanhuang multicoloremissivephosphorescentiridiumiiicomplexescontaininglalanineligandsphotophysicalandelectrochemicalpropertiesdftcalculationsandselectiverecognitionofcuiiions AT wenhaoli multicoloremissivephosphorescentiridiumiiicomplexescontaininglalanineligandsphotophysicalandelectrochemicalpropertiesdftcalculationsandselectiverecognitionofcuiiions AT shishengzhao multicoloremissivephosphorescentiridiumiiicomplexescontaininglalanineligandsphotophysicalandelectrochemicalpropertiesdftcalculationsandselectiverecognitionofcuiiions AT hongyanli multicoloremissivephosphorescentiridiumiiicomplexescontaininglalanineligandsphotophysicalandelectrochemicalpropertiesdftcalculationsandselectiverecognitionofcuiiions AT aidanglu multicoloremissivephosphorescentiridiumiiicomplexescontaininglalanineligandsphotophysicalandelectrochemicalpropertiesdftcalculationsandselectiverecognitionofcuiiions |