Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape
The successful launch of Landsat-9 marks a significant achievement in preserving the data legacy and ensuring the continuity of Landsat’s calibrated Earth observations. This study comprehensively assesses the continuity of reflectance and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) between Lan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/4948 |
| _version_ | 1797572399719251968 |
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| author | Yuanheng Sun Binyu Wang Senlin Teng Bingxin Liu Zhaoxu Zhang Ying Li |
| author_facet | Yuanheng Sun Binyu Wang Senlin Teng Bingxin Liu Zhaoxu Zhang Ying Li |
| author_sort | Yuanheng Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The successful launch of Landsat-9 marks a significant achievement in preserving the data legacy and ensuring the continuity of Landsat’s calibrated Earth observations. This study comprehensively assesses the continuity of reflectance and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 Operational Land Imagers (OLIs) over diverse Chinese landscapes. It reveals that sensor discrepancies minimally impact reflectance and NDVI consistency. Although Landsat-9’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance is slightly lower than that of Landsat-8, small root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) ranging from 0.0102 to 0.0248 for VNIR and SWIR bands (and larger RMSE for NDVI at 0.0422) fall within acceptable ranges for Earth observation applications. Applying atmospheric corrections markedly enhances reflectance uniformity and brings regression slopes closer to unity. Further, Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) adjustments improve comparability, ensuring measurement reliability, and the NDVI maintains robust consistency across various reflectance types, time series, and land cover classes. These findings affirm Landsat-9’s success in achieving data continuity within the Landsat program, allowing interchangeable use of Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI data for diverse Earth observation purposes. Future research may explore specific sensor correlations across different vegetation types and seasons while integrating data from complementary platforms, such as Sentinel-2, to enhance the understanding of data continuity factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:55:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79424c243170403fbb40d9d3bdeec38e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:55:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-79424c243170403fbb40d9d3bdeec38e2023-11-19T17:58:40ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-10-011520494810.3390/rs15204948Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China LandscapeYuanheng Sun0Binyu Wang1Senlin Teng2Bingxin Liu3Zhaoxu Zhang4Ying Li5Environmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaEnvironmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaEnvironmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaEnvironmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaEnvironmental Information Institute, Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaThe successful launch of Landsat-9 marks a significant achievement in preserving the data legacy and ensuring the continuity of Landsat’s calibrated Earth observations. This study comprehensively assesses the continuity of reflectance and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 Operational Land Imagers (OLIs) over diverse Chinese landscapes. It reveals that sensor discrepancies minimally impact reflectance and NDVI consistency. Although Landsat-9’s top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance is slightly lower than that of Landsat-8, small root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) ranging from 0.0102 to 0.0248 for VNIR and SWIR bands (and larger RMSE for NDVI at 0.0422) fall within acceptable ranges for Earth observation applications. Applying atmospheric corrections markedly enhances reflectance uniformity and brings regression slopes closer to unity. Further, Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) adjustments improve comparability, ensuring measurement reliability, and the NDVI maintains robust consistency across various reflectance types, time series, and land cover classes. These findings affirm Landsat-9’s success in achieving data continuity within the Landsat program, allowing interchangeable use of Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI data for diverse Earth observation purposes. Future research may explore specific sensor correlations across different vegetation types and seasons while integrating data from complementary platforms, such as Sentinel-2, to enhance the understanding of data continuity factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/4948Landsat-8Landsat-9reflectanceNDVIcontinuitytime series |
| spellingShingle | Yuanheng Sun Binyu Wang Senlin Teng Bingxin Liu Zhaoxu Zhang Ying Li Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape Remote Sensing Landsat-8 Landsat-9 reflectance NDVI continuity time series |
| title | Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape |
| title_full | Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape |
| title_fullStr | Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape |
| title_full_unstemmed | Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape |
| title_short | Continuity of Top-of-Atmosphere, Surface, and Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance and NDVI between Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 OLI over China Landscape |
| title_sort | continuity of top of atmosphere surface and nadir brdf adjusted reflectance and ndvi between landsat 8 and landsat 9 oli over china landscape |
| topic | Landsat-8 Landsat-9 reflectance NDVI continuity time series |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/4948 |
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