A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination
The energy grid becomes more complex with increasing penetration of renewable resources, distributed energy storage, distributed generators, and more diverse loads such as electric vehicle charging stations. The presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) requires directional protection due to t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/12/1376 |
| _version_ | 1798002426573225984 |
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| author | Ronald C. Matthews Matthew J. Reno Adam K. Summers |
| author_facet | Ronald C. Matthews Matthew J. Reno Adam K. Summers |
| author_sort | Ronald C. Matthews |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The energy grid becomes more complex with increasing penetration of renewable resources, distributed energy storage, distributed generators, and more diverse loads such as electric vehicle charging stations. The presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) requires directional protection due to the added potential for energy to flow in both directions down the line. Additionally, contingency requirements for critical loads within a microgrid may result in looped or meshed systems. Computation speeds of iterative methods required to coordinate loops are improved by starting with a minimum breakpoint set (MBPS) of relays. A breakpoint set (BPS) is a set of breakers such that, when opened, breaks all loops in a mesh grid creating a radial system. A MBPS is a BPS that consists of the minimum possible number of relays required to accomplish this goal. In this paper, a method is proposed in which a minimum spanning tree is computed to indirectly break all loops in the system, and a set difference is used to identify the MBPS. The proposed method is found to minimize the cardinality of the BPS to achieve a MBPS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:52:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-795d2ca5e0804f7cb24cbb7d23f97537 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:52:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-795d2ca5e0804f7cb24cbb7d23f975372022-12-22T04:25:17ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922019-11-01812137610.3390/electronics8121376electronics8121376A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay CoordinationRonald C. Matthews0Matthew J. Reno1Adam K. Summers2Department of Electric Power Systems Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USADepartment of Electric Power Systems Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USADepartment of Electric Power Systems Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USAThe energy grid becomes more complex with increasing penetration of renewable resources, distributed energy storage, distributed generators, and more diverse loads such as electric vehicle charging stations. The presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) requires directional protection due to the added potential for energy to flow in both directions down the line. Additionally, contingency requirements for critical loads within a microgrid may result in looped or meshed systems. Computation speeds of iterative methods required to coordinate loops are improved by starting with a minimum breakpoint set (MBPS) of relays. A breakpoint set (BPS) is a set of breakers such that, when opened, breaks all loops in a mesh grid creating a radial system. A MBPS is a BPS that consists of the minimum possible number of relays required to accomplish this goal. In this paper, a method is proposed in which a minimum spanning tree is computed to indirectly break all loops in the system, and a set difference is used to identify the MBPS. The proposed method is found to minimize the cardinality of the BPS to achieve a MBPS.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/12/1376minimum breakpoint set (mbps)minimum break point set (mbps)minimum spanning treegraph theorydirectional relay coordination |
| spellingShingle | Ronald C. Matthews Matthew J. Reno Adam K. Summers A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination Electronics minimum breakpoint set (mbps) minimum break point set (mbps) minimum spanning tree graph theory directional relay coordination |
| title | A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination |
| title_full | A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination |
| title_fullStr | A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination |
| title_short | A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination |
| title_sort | graph theory method for identification of a minimum breakpoint set for directional relay coordination |
| topic | minimum breakpoint set (mbps) minimum break point set (mbps) minimum spanning tree graph theory directional relay coordination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/12/1376 |
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