Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study
Background: Rifampicin resistance (RR) is a major challenge in the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB), but data on its prevalence are still sparse in many countries. Our study aimed at estimating the prevalence of RR-TB in Kajiado County, Kenya. Secondary objectives were to estimate the incide...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1280 |
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| author | Paolo Cattaneo Caleb Mike Mulongo Gianfranco Morino Maria Vittoria De Vita Gabriele Paone Simone Scarlata Salome Kinyita Hillary Odhiambo Cristina Mazzi Federico Gobbi Dora Buonfrate |
| author_facet | Paolo Cattaneo Caleb Mike Mulongo Gianfranco Morino Maria Vittoria De Vita Gabriele Paone Simone Scarlata Salome Kinyita Hillary Odhiambo Cristina Mazzi Federico Gobbi Dora Buonfrate |
| author_sort | Paolo Cattaneo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Rifampicin resistance (RR) is a major challenge in the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB), but data on its prevalence are still sparse in many countries. Our study aimed at estimating the prevalence of RR-TB in Kajiado County, Kenya. Secondary objectives were to estimate the incidence of pulmonary TB in adults and the rate of HIV-TB coinfection. Methods: We conducted an observational study in the context of the ATI-TB Project, carried out in Kajiado. The project was based on an active-case-finding campaign implemented with the aid of village chiefs, traditional healers and community health volunteers. Diagnosis relied on Xpert MTB/RIF, including a mobile machine that could be used to cover areas where testing would otherwise be difficult. Results: In sum, 3840 adults were screened for active TB during the campaign. RR cases among all TB diagnoses were 4.6%. The annual incidence of pulmonary TB among adults was 521 cases per 100,000 population. The rate of HIV coinfection was 22.2% among pulmonary TB diagnoses. Conclusion: The prevalence of RR-TB was four times that what could be inferred from official notifications in Kajiado, and higher than overall prevalence in Kenya. In addition, our estimate of incidence of pulmonary TB in adults in Kajiado significantly differed from cases notified in the same area. In contrast, the rate of HIV coinfection was in line with national and regional data. TB diagnostic capability must be strengthened in Kajiado to improve patients’ management and public health interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79609ca9c3804e168ef8d9f684725393 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-79609ca9c3804e168ef8d9f6847253932023-11-18T02:34:26ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-05-01115128010.3390/microorganisms11051280Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational StudyPaolo Cattaneo0Caleb Mike Mulongo1Gianfranco Morino2Maria Vittoria De Vita3Gabriele Paone4Simone Scarlata5Salome Kinyita6Hillary Odhiambo7Cristina Mazzi8Federico Gobbi9Dora Buonfrate10Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, ItalyIndependent Researcher, Nairobi 79644-00200, KenyaWorld Friends Amici del Mondo Onlus, Ruaraka Uhai Neema Hospital, off Thika Highway, Nairobi P.O. Box 39433-00623, KenyaWorld Friends Amici del Mondo Onlus, Ruaraka Uhai Neema Hospital, off Thika Highway, Nairobi P.O. Box 39433-00623, KenyaWorld Friends Amici del Mondo Onlus, Ruaraka Uhai Neema Hospital, off Thika Highway, Nairobi P.O. Box 39433-00623, KenyaUnit of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Pathophysiology and Thoracic Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico, 00128 Rome, ItalyIndependent Researcher, Gatundu 324-01030, KenyaIndependent Researcher, Nairobi 00500, KenyaDepartment of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, ItalyBackground: Rifampicin resistance (RR) is a major challenge in the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB), but data on its prevalence are still sparse in many countries. Our study aimed at estimating the prevalence of RR-TB in Kajiado County, Kenya. Secondary objectives were to estimate the incidence of pulmonary TB in adults and the rate of HIV-TB coinfection. Methods: We conducted an observational study in the context of the ATI-TB Project, carried out in Kajiado. The project was based on an active-case-finding campaign implemented with the aid of village chiefs, traditional healers and community health volunteers. Diagnosis relied on Xpert MTB/RIF, including a mobile machine that could be used to cover areas where testing would otherwise be difficult. Results: In sum, 3840 adults were screened for active TB during the campaign. RR cases among all TB diagnoses were 4.6%. The annual incidence of pulmonary TB among adults was 521 cases per 100,000 population. The rate of HIV coinfection was 22.2% among pulmonary TB diagnoses. Conclusion: The prevalence of RR-TB was four times that what could be inferred from official notifications in Kajiado, and higher than overall prevalence in Kenya. In addition, our estimate of incidence of pulmonary TB in adults in Kajiado significantly differed from cases notified in the same area. In contrast, the rate of HIV coinfection was in line with national and regional data. TB diagnostic capability must be strengthened in Kajiado to improve patients’ management and public health interventions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1280tuberculosisrifampicin resistanceactive-case findingKenyaKajiadoHIV coinfection |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Cattaneo Caleb Mike Mulongo Gianfranco Morino Maria Vittoria De Vita Gabriele Paone Simone Scarlata Salome Kinyita Hillary Odhiambo Cristina Mazzi Federico Gobbi Dora Buonfrate Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study Microorganisms tuberculosis rifampicin resistance active-case finding Kenya Kajiado HIV coinfection |
| title | Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study |
| title_full | Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study |
| title_fullStr | Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study |
| title_short | Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study |
| title_sort | burden of pulmonary rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in kajiado kenya an observational study |
| topic | tuberculosis rifampicin resistance active-case finding Kenya Kajiado HIV coinfection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1280 |
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