Early Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal Women
Background: Results from previous studies regarding relationships between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease remain controversial. This study investigated the association between endogenous estrogen exposure and ischemic stroke risk. Methods: A total of 189 ischemic stroke patients and 192 a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taiwan Society of Geriatric Emergency and Critical Medicine (TSGECM)
2010-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Gerontology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187395981070017X |
| _version_ | 1819100550775439360 |
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| author | Yi-Chen Hsieh Lee-Ching Hwang Fang-I Hsieh Li-Ming Lien Huey-Juan Lin Chaur-Jong Hu Hung-Pin Tseng Chyi-Huey Bai Hung-Yi Chiou |
| author_facet | Yi-Chen Hsieh Lee-Ching Hwang Fang-I Hsieh Li-Ming Lien Huey-Juan Lin Chaur-Jong Hu Hung-Pin Tseng Chyi-Huey Bai Hung-Yi Chiou |
| author_sort | Yi-Chen Hsieh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Results from previous studies regarding relationships between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease remain controversial. This study investigated the association between endogenous estrogen exposure and ischemic stroke risk.
Methods: A total of 189 ischemic stroke patients and 192 age-matched healthy postmenopausal women were recruited. Age at menarche and menopause and risk factors of ischemic stroke were recorded through structured questionnaires by well-trained research assistants. Lifetime estrogen exposure was calculated as the number of years between age of menarche and menopause.
Results: Study subjects with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus have a 2.8- and 6.2-fold increased risk for ischemic stroke, respectively. In addition, study subjects with waist circumferences ≥ 80cm also have a 2.6-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke. Conversely, subjects who experienced menarche at an early age may have a significantly decreased risk of 0.3-fold for ischemic stroke. Moreover, there was a significant and joint protective effect for study subjects without any risk factors of ischemic stroke, including a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, late age at menarche, and shorter lifetime estrogen exposure; these subjects were found to have the lowest risk (0.03-fold) for the development of ischemic stroke.
Conclusion: Our study provides strong evidence that a significant joint protective effect was observed for patients who undergo early menarche, have longer estrogen exposure and no history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus on the risk of ischemic stroke. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:04:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7964dae438ff468888dc5c8db1767f37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1873-9598 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:04:34Z |
| publishDate | 2010-03-01 |
| publisher | Taiwan Society of Geriatric Emergency and Critical Medicine (TSGECM) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Gerontology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7964dae438ff468888dc5c8db1767f372022-12-21T18:44:08ZengTaiwan Society of Geriatric Emergency and Critical Medicine (TSGECM)International Journal of Gerontology1873-95982010-03-0141162210.1016/S1873-9598(10)70017-XEarly Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal WomenYi-Chen Hsieh0Lee-Ching Hwang1Fang-I Hsieh2Li-Ming Lien3Huey-Juan Lin4Chaur-Jong Hu5Hung-Pin Tseng6Chyi-Huey Bai7Hung-Yi Chiou8School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Family Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Shin Kong Wo Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Neurology, Lo-Hsu Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, I-Lan, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanBackground: Results from previous studies regarding relationships between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease remain controversial. This study investigated the association between endogenous estrogen exposure and ischemic stroke risk. Methods: A total of 189 ischemic stroke patients and 192 age-matched healthy postmenopausal women were recruited. Age at menarche and menopause and risk factors of ischemic stroke were recorded through structured questionnaires by well-trained research assistants. Lifetime estrogen exposure was calculated as the number of years between age of menarche and menopause. Results: Study subjects with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus have a 2.8- and 6.2-fold increased risk for ischemic stroke, respectively. In addition, study subjects with waist circumferences ≥ 80cm also have a 2.6-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke. Conversely, subjects who experienced menarche at an early age may have a significantly decreased risk of 0.3-fold for ischemic stroke. Moreover, there was a significant and joint protective effect for study subjects without any risk factors of ischemic stroke, including a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, late age at menarche, and shorter lifetime estrogen exposure; these subjects were found to have the lowest risk (0.03-fold) for the development of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Our study provides strong evidence that a significant joint protective effect was observed for patients who undergo early menarche, have longer estrogen exposure and no history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus on the risk of ischemic stroke.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187395981070017Xischemic strokemenarchemenopause |
| spellingShingle | Yi-Chen Hsieh Lee-Ching Hwang Fang-I Hsieh Li-Ming Lien Huey-Juan Lin Chaur-Jong Hu Hung-Pin Tseng Chyi-Huey Bai Hung-Yi Chiou Early Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal Women International Journal of Gerontology ischemic stroke menarche menopause |
| title | Early Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal Women |
| title_full | Early Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal Women |
| title_fullStr | Early Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal Women |
| title_short | Early Menarche and Ischemic Stroke Risk Among Postmenopausal Women |
| title_sort | early menarche and ischemic stroke risk among postmenopausal women |
| topic | ischemic stroke menarche menopause |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187395981070017X |
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