Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials
Innovative approaches for preparing flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by utilizing a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Our attempts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with low cost inorganic formulations, such as urea and diammonium phosphate, were d...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Fibers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/6/4/85 |
| _version_ | 1828232494971879424 |
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| author | SeChin Chang Brian Condon Jade Smith |
| author_facet | SeChin Chang Brian Condon Jade Smith |
| author_sort | SeChin Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Innovative approaches for preparing flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by utilizing a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Our attempts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with low cost inorganic formulations, such as urea and diammonium phosphate, were done successfully. The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45° angle (clothing textiles test), vertical flame (clothing textile test) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). For formulations with urea only, LOI values of treated fabrics were 21.0⁻22.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 5.16⁻18.22%. For formulations comprising urea with diammonium phosphate, LOI values were greater than 29.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 1.85⁻7.73%. With the formulation comprising urea and diammonium phosphate, all treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test for add-on values 5.34⁻7.73%. Their char lengths were less than half the length of the original fabric and after-flame and after-glow times were less than 3.2 s. Additional thermal properties of desired products will be discussed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:24:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7975d36c105544309ab617e56dd8f422 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6439 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:24:03Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Fibers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7975d36c105544309ab617e56dd8f4222022-12-22T03:19:32ZengMDPI AGFibers2079-64392018-11-01648510.3390/fib6040085fib6040085Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic MaterialsSeChin Chang0Brian Condon1Jade Smith2Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USASouthern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USASouthern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USAInnovative approaches for preparing flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by utilizing a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Our attempts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with low cost inorganic formulations, such as urea and diammonium phosphate, were done successfully. The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45° angle (clothing textiles test), vertical flame (clothing textile test) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). For formulations with urea only, LOI values of treated fabrics were 21.0⁻22.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 5.16⁻18.22%. For formulations comprising urea with diammonium phosphate, LOI values were greater than 29.0% after add-on values for the formulation were 1.85⁻7.73%. With the formulation comprising urea and diammonium phosphate, all treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test for add-on values 5.34⁻7.73%. Their char lengths were less than half the length of the original fabric and after-flame and after-glow times were less than 3.2 s. Additional thermal properties of desired products will be discussed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC).https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/6/4/85microwavecotton fabricsflame retardantvertical flammability testthermal degradationlimiting oxygen index |
| spellingShingle | SeChin Chang Brian Condon Jade Smith Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials Fibers microwave cotton fabrics flame retardant vertical flammability test thermal degradation limiting oxygen index |
| title | Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials |
| title_full | Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials |
| title_fullStr | Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials |
| title_short | Microwave Assisted Preparation of Flame Resistant Cotton Using Economic Inorganic Materials |
| title_sort | microwave assisted preparation of flame resistant cotton using economic inorganic materials |
| topic | microwave cotton fabrics flame retardant vertical flammability test thermal degradation limiting oxygen index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/6/4/85 |
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