<i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering Approach
Under realistic environmental conditions, heuristic-based data association and map management routines often result in divergent map and trajectory estimates in robotic Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM). To address these issues, SLAM solutions have been proposed based on the Random Finite...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-05-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2290 |
| _version_ | 1798043498762469376 |
|---|---|
| author | Diluka Moratuwage Martin Adams Felipe Inostroza |
| author_facet | Diluka Moratuwage Martin Adams Felipe Inostroza |
| author_sort | Diluka Moratuwage |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Under realistic environmental conditions, heuristic-based data association and map management routines often result in divergent map and trajectory estimates in robotic Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM). To address these issues, SLAM solutions have been proposed based on the Random Finite Set (RFS) framework, which models the map and measurements such that the usual requirements of external data association routines and map management heuristics can be circumvented and realistic sensor detection uncertainty can be taken into account. Rao−Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF)-based RFS SLAM solutions have been demonstrated using the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter and subsequently the Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter. In multi-target tracking, the LMB filter, which was introduced as an efficient approximation to the computationally expensive <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-Generalized LMB (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB) filter, converts its representation of an LMB distribution to <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB form during the measurement update step. This not only results in a loss of information yielding inferior results (compared to the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB filter) but also fails to take computational advantages in parallelized implementations possible with RBPF-based SLAM algorithms. Similar to state-of-the-art random vector-valued RBPF solutions such as FastSLAM and MH-FastSLAM, the performances of all RBPF-based SLAM algorithms based on the RFS framework also diverge from ground truth over time due to random sampling approaches, which only rely on control noise variance. Further, the methods lose particle diversity and diverge over time as a result of particle degeneracy. To alleviate this problem and further improve the quality of map estimates, a SLAM solution using an optimal kernel-based particle filter combined with an efficient variant of the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB filter (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM) is presented. The performance of the proposed <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM algorithm, referred to as <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM2.0, was demonstrated using simulated datasets and a section of the publicly available KITTI dataset. The results suggest that even with a limited number of particles, <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM2.0 outperforms state-of-the-art RBPF-based RFS SLAM algorithms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:49:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-797615fbd0f44c6ca66f44bb661ce676 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:49:45Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-797615fbd0f44c6ca66f44bb661ce6762022-12-22T03:58:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-05-011910229010.3390/s19102290s19102290<i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering ApproachDiluka Moratuwage0Martin Adams1Felipe Inostroza2Department of Electrical Engineering & Advanced Mining Technology Center Universidad de Chile, 837-0451 Santiago, ChileDepartment of Electrical Engineering & Advanced Mining Technology Center Universidad de Chile, 837-0451 Santiago, ChileDepartment of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Chile, 837-0451 Santiago, ChileUnder realistic environmental conditions, heuristic-based data association and map management routines often result in divergent map and trajectory estimates in robotic Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM). To address these issues, SLAM solutions have been proposed based on the Random Finite Set (RFS) framework, which models the map and measurements such that the usual requirements of external data association routines and map management heuristics can be circumvented and realistic sensor detection uncertainty can be taken into account. Rao−Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF)-based RFS SLAM solutions have been demonstrated using the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter and subsequently the Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (LMB) filter. In multi-target tracking, the LMB filter, which was introduced as an efficient approximation to the computationally expensive <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-Generalized LMB (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB) filter, converts its representation of an LMB distribution to <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB form during the measurement update step. This not only results in a loss of information yielding inferior results (compared to the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB filter) but also fails to take computational advantages in parallelized implementations possible with RBPF-based SLAM algorithms. Similar to state-of-the-art random vector-valued RBPF solutions such as FastSLAM and MH-FastSLAM, the performances of all RBPF-based SLAM algorithms based on the RFS framework also diverge from ground truth over time due to random sampling approaches, which only rely on control noise variance. Further, the methods lose particle diversity and diverge over time as a result of particle degeneracy. To alleviate this problem and further improve the quality of map estimates, a SLAM solution using an optimal kernel-based particle filter combined with an efficient variant of the <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB filter (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM) is presented. The performance of the proposed <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM algorithm, referred to as <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM2.0, was demonstrated using simulated datasets and a section of the publicly available KITTI dataset. The results suggest that even with a limited number of particles, <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mi>δ</mi> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>-GLMB-SLAM2.0 outperforms state-of-the-art RBPF-based RFS SLAM algorithms.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2290SLAMroboticstrackingrandom finite sets |
| spellingShingle | Diluka Moratuwage Martin Adams Felipe Inostroza <i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering Approach Sensors SLAM robotics tracking random finite sets |
| title | <i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering Approach |
| title_full | <i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering Approach |
| title_fullStr | <i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering Approach |
| title_short | <i>δ</i>-Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with an Optimal Kernel-Based Particle Filtering Approach |
| title_sort | i δ i generalized labeled multi bernoulli simultaneous localization and mapping with an optimal kernel based particle filtering approach |
| topic | SLAM robotics tracking random finite sets |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2290 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dilukamoratuwage idigeneralizedlabeledmultibernoullisimultaneouslocalizationandmappingwithanoptimalkernelbasedparticlefilteringapproach AT martinadams idigeneralizedlabeledmultibernoullisimultaneouslocalizationandmappingwithanoptimalkernelbasedparticlefilteringapproach AT felipeinostroza idigeneralizedlabeledmultibernoullisimultaneouslocalizationandmappingwithanoptimalkernelbasedparticlefilteringapproach |