Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays important roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Its main role includes three kinds of functions: (1) to protect the central nervous system from blood-borne toxins and pathogens; (2) to regulate the exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1111448/full |
| _version_ | 1811165052613427200 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuto Uchida Hirohito Kan Keita Sakurai Kenichi Oishi Noriyuki Matsukawa |
| author_facet | Yuto Uchida Hirohito Kan Keita Sakurai Kenichi Oishi Noriyuki Matsukawa |
| author_sort | Yuto Uchida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays important roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Its main role includes three kinds of functions: (1) to protect the central nervous system from blood-borne toxins and pathogens; (2) to regulate the exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and capillaries; and (3) to clear metabolic waste and other neurotoxic compounds from the central nervous system into meningeal lymphatics and systemic circulation. Physiologically, the BBB belongs to the glymphatic system and the intramural periarterial drainage pathway, both of which are involved in clearing interstitial solutes such as β-amyloid proteins. Thus, the BBB is believed to contribute to preventing the onset and progression for Alzheimer’s disease. Measurements of BBB function are essential toward a better understanding of Alzheimer’s pathophysiology to establish novel imaging biomarkers and open new avenues of interventions for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The visualization techniques for capillary, cerebrospinal, and interstitial fluid dynamics around the neurovascular unit in living human brains have been enthusiastically developed. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent BBB imaging developments using advanced magnetic resonance imaging technologies in relation to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. First, we give an overview of the relationship between Alzheimer’s pathophysiology and BBB dysfunction. Second, we provide a brief description about the principles of non-contrast agent-based and contrast agent-based BBB imaging methodologies. Third, we summarize previous studies that have reported the findings of each BBB imaging method in individuals with the Alzheimer’s disease continuum. Fourth, we introduce a wide range of Alzheimer’s pathophysiology in relation to BBB imaging technologies to advance our understanding of the fluid dynamics around the BBB in both clinical and preclinical settings. Finally, we discuss the challenges of BBB imaging techniques and suggest future directions toward clinically useful imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:31:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7979b6af58164819a8c33d6fec4388d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:31:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-7979b6af58164819a8c33d6fec4388d12023-02-13T13:51:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652023-02-011510.3389/fnagi.2023.11114481111448Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementiasYuto Uchida0Hirohito Kan1Keita Sakurai2Kenichi Oishi3Noriyuki Matsukawa4The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, JapanDepartment of Radiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Aichi, JapanThe Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, JapanThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays important roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Its main role includes three kinds of functions: (1) to protect the central nervous system from blood-borne toxins and pathogens; (2) to regulate the exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and capillaries; and (3) to clear metabolic waste and other neurotoxic compounds from the central nervous system into meningeal lymphatics and systemic circulation. Physiologically, the BBB belongs to the glymphatic system and the intramural periarterial drainage pathway, both of which are involved in clearing interstitial solutes such as β-amyloid proteins. Thus, the BBB is believed to contribute to preventing the onset and progression for Alzheimer’s disease. Measurements of BBB function are essential toward a better understanding of Alzheimer’s pathophysiology to establish novel imaging biomarkers and open new avenues of interventions for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The visualization techniques for capillary, cerebrospinal, and interstitial fluid dynamics around the neurovascular unit in living human brains have been enthusiastically developed. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent BBB imaging developments using advanced magnetic resonance imaging technologies in relation to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. First, we give an overview of the relationship between Alzheimer’s pathophysiology and BBB dysfunction. Second, we provide a brief description about the principles of non-contrast agent-based and contrast agent-based BBB imaging methodologies. Third, we summarize previous studies that have reported the findings of each BBB imaging method in individuals with the Alzheimer’s disease continuum. Fourth, we introduce a wide range of Alzheimer’s pathophysiology in relation to BBB imaging technologies to advance our understanding of the fluid dynamics around the BBB in both clinical and preclinical settings. Finally, we discuss the challenges of BBB imaging techniques and suggest future directions toward clinically useful imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1111448/fullAlzheimer’s diseasebiomarkerblood–brain barrierMRIneurovascular unit |
| spellingShingle | Yuto Uchida Hirohito Kan Keita Sakurai Kenichi Oishi Noriyuki Matsukawa Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Alzheimer’s disease biomarker blood–brain barrier MRI neurovascular unit |
| title | Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias |
| title_full | Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias |
| title_fullStr | Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias |
| title_short | Contributions of blood–brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias |
| title_sort | contributions of blood brain barrier imaging to neurovascular unit pathophysiology of alzheimer s disease and related dementias |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease biomarker blood–brain barrier MRI neurovascular unit |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1111448/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yutouchida contributionsofbloodbrainbarrierimagingtoneurovascularunitpathophysiologyofalzheimersdiseaseandrelateddementias AT hirohitokan contributionsofbloodbrainbarrierimagingtoneurovascularunitpathophysiologyofalzheimersdiseaseandrelateddementias AT keitasakurai contributionsofbloodbrainbarrierimagingtoneurovascularunitpathophysiologyofalzheimersdiseaseandrelateddementias AT kenichioishi contributionsofbloodbrainbarrierimagingtoneurovascularunitpathophysiologyofalzheimersdiseaseandrelateddementias AT noriyukimatsukawa contributionsofbloodbrainbarrierimagingtoneurovascularunitpathophysiologyofalzheimersdiseaseandrelateddementias |