Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open Trap
The generation of energy-efficient parallel scientific codes became very important in the time of carbon footprint reduction. In this paper, we briefly present our latest particle-in-cell code with the results of a numerical simulation of plasma dynamics in an open trap. This code can be auto-vector...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/19/3684 |
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| author | Igor Chernykh Igor Kulikov Vitaly Vshivkov Ekaterina Genrikh Dmitry Weins Galina Dudnikova Ivan Chernoshtanov Marina Boronina |
| author_facet | Igor Chernykh Igor Kulikov Vitaly Vshivkov Ekaterina Genrikh Dmitry Weins Galina Dudnikova Ivan Chernoshtanov Marina Boronina |
| author_sort | Igor Chernykh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The generation of energy-efficient parallel scientific codes became very important in the time of carbon footprint reduction. In this paper, we briefly present our latest particle-in-cell code with the results of a numerical simulation of plasma dynamics in an open trap. This code can be auto-vectorized by the Fortran compiler for Intel Xeon processors with AVX-512 instructions such as Intel Xeon Phi and the highest series of all generations of Intel Xeon Scalable processors. Efficient use of processor architecture is the main feature of an energy-efficient solution. We present a step-by-step methodology of energy consumption calculation using Intel hardware features and Intel VTune software. We also give an estimated value of carbon footprint with the impact of high-performance water cooled hardware. The Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) in the case of high-performance water cooled hardware is equal to 1.03–1.05, and is up to 1.3 in the case of air-cooled systems. This means that power consumption of liquid cooled systems is lower than that air-cooled ones by up to 25%. All these factors play an important role in the carbon footprint reduction problem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:27:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-797a0d41b5cd4e09b6a7d9d1283ec7b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:27:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-797a0d41b5cd4e09b6a7d9d1283ec7b52023-11-23T21:05:45ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902022-10-011019368410.3390/math10193684Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open TrapIgor Chernykh0Igor Kulikov1Vitaly Vshivkov2Ekaterina Genrikh3Dmitry Weins4Galina Dudnikova5Ivan Chernoshtanov6Marina Boronina7Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiaThe generation of energy-efficient parallel scientific codes became very important in the time of carbon footprint reduction. In this paper, we briefly present our latest particle-in-cell code with the results of a numerical simulation of plasma dynamics in an open trap. This code can be auto-vectorized by the Fortran compiler for Intel Xeon processors with AVX-512 instructions such as Intel Xeon Phi and the highest series of all generations of Intel Xeon Scalable processors. Efficient use of processor architecture is the main feature of an energy-efficient solution. We present a step-by-step methodology of energy consumption calculation using Intel hardware features and Intel VTune software. We also give an estimated value of carbon footprint with the impact of high-performance water cooled hardware. The Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) in the case of high-performance water cooled hardware is equal to 1.03–1.05, and is up to 1.3 in the case of air-cooled systems. This means that power consumption of liquid cooled systems is lower than that air-cooled ones by up to 25%. All these factors play an important role in the carbon footprint reduction problem.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/19/3684high performance computingparticle-in-cell methodenergy efficient algorithms |
| spellingShingle | Igor Chernykh Igor Kulikov Vitaly Vshivkov Ekaterina Genrikh Dmitry Weins Galina Dudnikova Ivan Chernoshtanov Marina Boronina Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open Trap Mathematics high performance computing particle-in-cell method energy efficient algorithms |
| title | Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open Trap |
| title_full | Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open Trap |
| title_fullStr | Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open Trap |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open Trap |
| title_short | Energy Efficiency of a New Parallel PIC Code for Numerical Simulation of Plasma Dynamics in Open Trap |
| title_sort | energy efficiency of a new parallel pic code for numerical simulation of plasma dynamics in open trap |
| topic | high performance computing particle-in-cell method energy efficient algorithms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/19/3684 |
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