Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer Cement
Sodium silicate is a commonly used activator in geopolymer that is produced commercially. In this study, rice husk ash (RHA) from agricultural waste was used to synthesize sodium silicate as an activator for geopolymer cement. This white ash was applied for producing sodium silicate with different m...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/14/2920 |
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| author | Lia Handayani Sri Aprilia Abdullah Cut Rahmawati Teuku Budi Aulia Péter Ludvig Jawad Ahmad |
| author_facet | Lia Handayani Sri Aprilia Abdullah Cut Rahmawati Teuku Budi Aulia Péter Ludvig Jawad Ahmad |
| author_sort | Lia Handayani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sodium silicate is a commonly used activator in geopolymer that is produced commercially. In this study, rice husk ash (RHA) from agricultural waste was used to synthesize sodium silicate as an activator for geopolymer cement. This white ash was applied for producing sodium silicate with different molarities (8, 10, and 12) and then used to synthesize fly ash-based geopolymer cement. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied to investigate the micro-characteristics of the geopolymerization products. Bulk density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture toughness were carried out to measure and evaluate the geopolymers with sodium silicate. The combination of 10 M NaOH with sodium silicate increased the compressive strength by 16.21% and the flexural strength and fracture toughness by 81.6%. However, sodium silicate combined with 12 M NaOH decreased compressive strengths by 13.23% and flexural strength and fracture toughness by 61.94%. The lowest water absorption value of 12.3% was obtained in a geopolymer paste using sodium silicate combined with 10 M NaOH, and the largest was 13.3% for sodium silicate combined with 8 M NaOH. The microstructure analysis showed the hydrated calcium alumina silicate gel (C–A–S–H) and the SEM image also revealed a compact geopolymer matrix. Thus, it can be concluded that sodium silicate from rice husk ash can be utilized as an activator or reactive material to produce geopolymer cement with a good geopolymer network. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:02:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-797da380566349e498cd0f040dccbde8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:02:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-797da380566349e498cd0f040dccbde82023-12-03T12:08:10ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-07-011414292010.3390/polym14142920Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer CementLia Handayani0Sri Aprilia1Abdullah2Cut Rahmawati3Teuku Budi Aulia4Péter Ludvig5Jawad Ahmad6Faculty of Fisheries, Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaGeopolymer and Nanomaterials Research Center, Universitas Abulyatama, Aceh Besar 23372, IndonesiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30421-169, BrazilDepartment of Civil Engineering, Military College of Engineering, NUST, Risalpur 24080, PakistanSodium silicate is a commonly used activator in geopolymer that is produced commercially. In this study, rice husk ash (RHA) from agricultural waste was used to synthesize sodium silicate as an activator for geopolymer cement. This white ash was applied for producing sodium silicate with different molarities (8, 10, and 12) and then used to synthesize fly ash-based geopolymer cement. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied to investigate the micro-characteristics of the geopolymerization products. Bulk density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture toughness were carried out to measure and evaluate the geopolymers with sodium silicate. The combination of 10 M NaOH with sodium silicate increased the compressive strength by 16.21% and the flexural strength and fracture toughness by 81.6%. However, sodium silicate combined with 12 M NaOH decreased compressive strengths by 13.23% and flexural strength and fracture toughness by 61.94%. The lowest water absorption value of 12.3% was obtained in a geopolymer paste using sodium silicate combined with 10 M NaOH, and the largest was 13.3% for sodium silicate combined with 8 M NaOH. The microstructure analysis showed the hydrated calcium alumina silicate gel (C–A–S–H) and the SEM image also revealed a compact geopolymer matrix. Thus, it can be concluded that sodium silicate from rice husk ash can be utilized as an activator or reactive material to produce geopolymer cement with a good geopolymer network.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/14/2920sodium silicateactivatorgeopolymer cementrice husk ashfracture toughness |
| spellingShingle | Lia Handayani Sri Aprilia Abdullah Cut Rahmawati Teuku Budi Aulia Péter Ludvig Jawad Ahmad Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer Cement Polymers sodium silicate activator geopolymer cement rice husk ash fracture toughness |
| title | Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer Cement |
| title_full | Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer Cement |
| title_fullStr | Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer Cement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer Cement |
| title_short | Sodium Silicate from Rice Husk Ash and Their Effects as Geopolymer Cement |
| title_sort | sodium silicate from rice husk ash and their effects as geopolymer cement |
| topic | sodium silicate activator geopolymer cement rice husk ash fracture toughness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/14/2920 |
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