Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and Women
The use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) in individuals living without diabetes is increasing. The purpose of this study was to profile various CGM metrics around nutritional intake, sleep and exercise in a large cohort of physically active men and women living without any known metabolic disea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/744 |
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| author | Kristina Skroce Andrea Zignoli Federico Y. Fontana Felipe M. Maturana David Lipman Andrea Tryfonos Michael C. Riddell Howard C. Zisser |
| author_facet | Kristina Skroce Andrea Zignoli Federico Y. Fontana Felipe M. Maturana David Lipman Andrea Tryfonos Michael C. Riddell Howard C. Zisser |
| author_sort | Kristina Skroce |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) in individuals living without diabetes is increasing. The purpose of this study was to profile various CGM metrics around nutritional intake, sleep and exercise in a large cohort of physically active men and women living without any known metabolic disease diagnosis to better understand the normative glycemic response to these common stimuli. A total of 12,504 physically active adults (age 40 ± 11 years, BMI 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 23% self-identified as women) wore a real-time CGM (Abbott Libre Sense Sport Glucose Biosensor, Abbott, USA) and used a smartphone application (Supersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) to log meals, sleep and exercise activities. A total of >1 M exercise events and 274,344 meal events were analyzed. A majority of participants (85%) presented an overall (24 h) average glucose profile between 90 and 110 mg/dL, with the highest glucose levels associated with meals and exercise and the lowest glucose levels associated with sleep. Men had higher mean 24 h glucose levels than women (24 h—men: 100 ± 11 mg/dL, women: 96 ± 10 mg/dL). During exercise, the % time above >140 mg/dL was 10.3 ± 16.7%, while the % time <70 mg/dL was 11.9 ± 11.6%, with the remaining % within the so-called glycemic tight target range (70–140 mg/dL). Average glycemia was also lower for females during exercise and sleep events (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Overall, we see small differences in glucose trends during activity and sleep in females as compared to males and higher levels of both TAR and TBR when these active individuals are undertaking or competing in endurance exercise training and/or competitive events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:49:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-797f3b70c93548419c77085dfdb58bc8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:49:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-797f3b70c93548419c77085dfdb58bc82024-02-09T15:21:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-01-0124374410.3390/s24030744Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and WomenKristina Skroce0Andrea Zignoli1Federico Y. Fontana2Felipe M. Maturana3David Lipman4Andrea Tryfonos5Michael C. Riddell6Howard C. Zisser7Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaSupersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA 30318, USADepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism (UDEM), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandSports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, GermanySupersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA 30318, USADepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, SwedenSchool of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaSupersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA 30318, USAThe use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) in individuals living without diabetes is increasing. The purpose of this study was to profile various CGM metrics around nutritional intake, sleep and exercise in a large cohort of physically active men and women living without any known metabolic disease diagnosis to better understand the normative glycemic response to these common stimuli. A total of 12,504 physically active adults (age 40 ± 11 years, BMI 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; 23% self-identified as women) wore a real-time CGM (Abbott Libre Sense Sport Glucose Biosensor, Abbott, USA) and used a smartphone application (Supersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) to log meals, sleep and exercise activities. A total of >1 M exercise events and 274,344 meal events were analyzed. A majority of participants (85%) presented an overall (24 h) average glucose profile between 90 and 110 mg/dL, with the highest glucose levels associated with meals and exercise and the lowest glucose levels associated with sleep. Men had higher mean 24 h glucose levels than women (24 h—men: 100 ± 11 mg/dL, women: 96 ± 10 mg/dL). During exercise, the % time above >140 mg/dL was 10.3 ± 16.7%, while the % time <70 mg/dL was 11.9 ± 11.6%, with the remaining % within the so-called glycemic tight target range (70–140 mg/dL). Average glycemia was also lower for females during exercise and sleep events (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Overall, we see small differences in glucose trends during activity and sleep in females as compared to males and higher levels of both TAR and TBR when these active individuals are undertaking or competing in endurance exercise training and/or competitive events.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/744gender differencesglycemiamealsnutritionexercisesleep |
| spellingShingle | Kristina Skroce Andrea Zignoli Federico Y. Fontana Felipe M. Maturana David Lipman Andrea Tryfonos Michael C. Riddell Howard C. Zisser Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and Women Sensors gender differences glycemia meals nutrition exercise sleep |
| title | Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and Women |
| title_full | Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and Women |
| title_fullStr | Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and Women |
| title_short | Real World Interstitial Glucose Profiles of a Large Cohort of Physically Active Men and Women |
| title_sort | real world interstitial glucose profiles of a large cohort of physically active men and women |
| topic | gender differences glycemia meals nutrition exercise sleep |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/744 |
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