Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor Pressure
Icing/snowing/frosting is ubiquitous in nature and industrial processes, and the accretion of ice mostly leads to catastrophic consequences. The existing understanding of icing is still limited, particularly for aircraft icing, where direct observation of the freezing dynamics is inaccessible. In th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/6/691 |
| _version_ | 1797529771641405440 |
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| author | Yugang Zhao Zichao Zuo Haibo Tang Xin Zhang |
| author_facet | Yugang Zhao Zichao Zuo Haibo Tang Xin Zhang |
| author_sort | Yugang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Icing/snowing/frosting is ubiquitous in nature and industrial processes, and the accretion of ice mostly leads to catastrophic consequences. The existing understanding of icing is still limited, particularly for aircraft icing, where direct observation of the freezing dynamics is inaccessible. In this work, we investigate experimentally the impact and freezing of a water drop onto the supercooled substrate at extremely low vapor pressure, to mimic an aircraft passing through clouds at a relatively high altitude, engendering icing upon collisions with pendant drops. Special attention is focused on the ice coverage induced by an impinging drop, from the perimeter pointing outward along the radial direction. We observed two freezing regimes: (I) spread-recoil-freeze at the substrate temperature of <i>T</i><sub>s</sub> = −15.4 ± 0.2 °C and (II) spread (incomplete)-freeze at the substrate temperature of <i>T</i><sub>s</sub> = −22.1 ± 0.2 °C. The ice coverage is approximately one order of magnitude larger than the frozen drop itself, and counterintuitively, larger supercooling yields smaller ice coverage in the range of interest. We attribute the variation of ice coverage to the kinetics of vapor diffusion in the two regimes. This fundamental understanding benefits the design of new anti-icing technologies for aircraft. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:19:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-797f814564e341bfb28d9545645736dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:19:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-797f814564e341bfb28d9545645736dc2023-11-22T00:33:15ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522021-06-0111669110.3390/cryst11060691Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor PressureYugang Zhao0Zichao Zuo1Haibo Tang2Xin Zhang3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, ChinaIcing/snowing/frosting is ubiquitous in nature and industrial processes, and the accretion of ice mostly leads to catastrophic consequences. The existing understanding of icing is still limited, particularly for aircraft icing, where direct observation of the freezing dynamics is inaccessible. In this work, we investigate experimentally the impact and freezing of a water drop onto the supercooled substrate at extremely low vapor pressure, to mimic an aircraft passing through clouds at a relatively high altitude, engendering icing upon collisions with pendant drops. Special attention is focused on the ice coverage induced by an impinging drop, from the perimeter pointing outward along the radial direction. We observed two freezing regimes: (I) spread-recoil-freeze at the substrate temperature of <i>T</i><sub>s</sub> = −15.4 ± 0.2 °C and (II) spread (incomplete)-freeze at the substrate temperature of <i>T</i><sub>s</sub> = −22.1 ± 0.2 °C. The ice coverage is approximately one order of magnitude larger than the frozen drop itself, and counterintuitively, larger supercooling yields smaller ice coverage in the range of interest. We attribute the variation of ice coverage to the kinetics of vapor diffusion in the two regimes. This fundamental understanding benefits the design of new anti-icing technologies for aircraft.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/6/691aircraft icinganti-icingdrop impingingice coverage |
| spellingShingle | Yugang Zhao Zichao Zuo Haibo Tang Xin Zhang Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor Pressure Crystals aircraft icing anti-icing drop impinging ice coverage |
| title | Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor Pressure |
| title_full | Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor Pressure |
| title_fullStr | Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor Pressure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor Pressure |
| title_short | Ice Coverage Induced by Depositing a Water Drop onto the Supercooled Substrate at Extreme Low Vapor Pressure |
| title_sort | ice coverage induced by depositing a water drop onto the supercooled substrate at extreme low vapor pressure |
| topic | aircraft icing anti-icing drop impinging ice coverage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/6/691 |
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